Surface layer as the outer protective coverage of bacteria and archaea are two-dimensional crystalline and symmetrical arrays of proteins that recently attract a lot of attention for biologist scientists. The surface layers of bacteria are usually 5 to 10 nm in diameter and represent highly porous protein lattices with uniform size and morphology with the pore sizes of 2 to 8 nm. The crucial an...

Crystalline surface layer proteins (S-layer proteins) have considerable potential for the crystalline arrays in biotechnology, biomimetics and nonlife applications, including areas such as microelectronics and molecular nanotechnology. The extensive application potential of surface layers in nanobiotechnology is according to the particular inherent attributes of the single molecular arrays cons...

The creation of modified layer on metal surfaces using new methods is one of the procedures in surface engineering which can improve the surface mechanical properties. The electrical discharge process is a new method that can form a modified layer on the metal surfaces. This study aims to improve of pure aluminum surface properties through Electrical Discharge process with Monel 400 electrode. ...

mixed layer is a part of the atmospheric boundary layer in which pollutants are uniformly distributed. it is sensitive to the earth’s surface, controls the flow of heat and momentum between the surface and the free atmosphere, thus playing a key role in atmospheric circulation. most of atmospheric pollution models require the height of the mixed layer as an input to determine the depth of atmos...

in this paper, the effect of surface area of reaction layers in gas diffusion electrodes on oxygen reduction reaction was investigated. for this purpose, various amounts (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and zero %wt of total loading of reaction layer) of single walled carbon nanotube (swcnt) were inserted in the reaction layer. the performance of gas diffusion electrodes for oxygen reduction re...

Sophisticated manipulation of surface roughness and solid surface energy are widely used to design super-hydrophobic layers. In this work, we designed highly porous silica layer with contact angle (CA) of 145°, and its robustness was promoted with thermal treatment. Wettability of coated layer is studied with CA measurement for different liquid surface tensions using diluted organi...

Abstract: In this research plasma nitriding of pure aluminium and effect of iron elemental alloy on the formation and growth of aluminium nitride was investigated. Also corrosion properties of formed AlN were investigated. After preparation, the samples were plasma nitrided at 550oC, for 6, 9 and 12 h and a gas mixture of 25%H2-75%N2. The microstructure and phases analysis were investigated usi...