Conventional energy sources are fast depleting due to poor conservation practises and excessive usage while the world’s energy demands are growing by minute. Additionally, the cost of producing conventional energy is rising also leading to an increase in harmful environmental pollution. Hence, there is a need to look at alternative energy sources such as sun, water and wind. Photovoltaic (PV) i...

Change points and changing regimes can be observed in many statistical time series. In this paper we analyze the most influential approaches of modeling these occurrences. Along with the theory some of the most interesting applications are presented. We find out that use of terminology is not unique, leading to considerable differences between the models, as will be pointed out.

A pseudowire (PW) can be used to carry Point to Point Protocol (PPP) or High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) Protocol Data Units over a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network without terminating the PPP/HDLC protocol. This enables service providers to offer "emulated" HDLC, or PPP link services over existing MPLS networks. This document specifies the encapsulation of PPP/HDLC Packet Data U...

The switching scheme of a point-to-point network determines how packets flow through each node, and is a primary element in determining the networks performance. In this paper, we present and evaluate a new switching scheme called hybrid switching. Hybrid switching dynamically combines both virtual cut-through and wormhole switching to provide higher achievable throughput than wormhole alone, w...

Increasing interest is being shown in the use of microprocessor for protection, switching and data acquisition required in modern high voltage substations. One of the most difficult functions to fulfill is that of transmission line distance protection employing samples of the voltage and current waveform taken from high voltage transducer equipment at the usual relaying point. This paper examin...

Vortex core reversal in magnetic particle is essentially influenced by a surface anisotropy. Under the action of a perpendicular static magnetic field the vortex core undergoes a shape deformation of pillowor barrel-shaped type, depending on the type of the surface anisotropy. This deformation plays a key point in the switching mechanism: We predict that the vortex polarity switching is accompa...

A new method with an efficient algorithm is developed for computing the Lyapunov constants of planar switching systems, and then applied to study bifurcation of limit cycles in a switching Bautin system. A complete classification on the conditions of a singular point being a center in this Bautin system is obtained. Further, an example of switching systems is constructed to show the existence o...

The problem of portfolio optimization has made many advances since Markowitz proposed an average-variance-based optimization. It can be said that the most important achievement of the Markowitz model was the introduction of variance as a risk indicator and indeed, the introduction of a quantitative benchmark into it. This research is a model for predicting value at risk. This model extends the ...