context triple negative breast cancer (tnbc) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that is negative for esterogen receptor (er) progesteron receptor (pr) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2). this type of breast cancer is typically high-grade carcinomas, although low-grade tumors occur. the aim of this review is to focus on molecular classification and features, prognostic markers...

liposomes have attracted great interest as efficient carriers for nutrients, drugs and other bioactive agents as well as ideal models for biological membranes. this article intends to provide an overview of liposomes and nanoliposomes definition as well as their properties and preparation methods. also it elaborates on various applications of nanoliposomes in nanotherapy including diagnostics, ...

Breast cancer is one of the major public health problems of the Western world. Recent advances in genomics and gene expression-profiling approaches have enriched our understanding of this heterogeneous disease. However, progress in functional proteomics in breast cancer research has been relatively slow. Allied with genomics, the functional proteomics approach will be important in improving dia...

Radiotherapy is the use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of malignant tumors. It is one of the main treatment modalities for many forms of cancer, with more than half of all cancer patients receiving radiation therapy at some point in their treatment.1 Biological and technological advances have brought notable improvements in radiotherapy over the years. Biologically based advances includ...

background: chemokine receptors have been shown to play an important role in the development and metastatic spread of various malignancies. in this study, the gene expression profile of some key chemokine receptors involved in metastasis has been investigated in esophageal and breast cancer cell lines.   methods: in a descriptive study, gene expression profile of ccr1, ccr6, ccr7, ccr9, cxcr1, ...

Given the fact that malignant cells proliferate more rapidly than normal cells, damage to the cancer cells is anticipated to be markedly greater than normal cells. However, cancer cells generate chemoresistance mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment, while undesired toxicity may occur in the normal cells. For example, in colorectal cancer (CRC), there exist well-described sequences of mut...