This research is an attempt to explore the nature and characteristics of urban travel behavior in metropolitan area Iranian capital, Tehran. To this end, using perspectives 822 participants via a questionnaire survey, we assessed six major Travel Behavior Components (TBCs)—namely, mode, time, destination, frequency, choice, purpose—from lens five different sociodemographic characteristics—that ...

Vehicle exhaust is a major source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in metropolitan cities. Popular community mode (buses and taxies) and about 2.4 million private cars are the main emission sources of air pollution in Tehran. A case survey has conducted to measure CO2 in four popular vehicles, bus, taxi, private car and motorcycle, which moved in the city with respectively 7800, 82358, 560...

BACKGROUND According to national laws and world experiences; provision, maintenance, and improving citizens' health are considered to be the essential functions of municipalities as a "social institute". In order to equitably promote health conditions at urban level, particularly in marginal areas, since 2004 targeted efforts have been implemented in the municipality of Tehran metropolis. This ...

The article reviews the activities of Joint Russian-Iranian Commission for Dialogue “Orthodoxy-Islam”. was established in 1997 with direct participation Chairman Department External Church Relations, Metropolitan Kirill Smolensk and Kaliningrad (the future His Holiness Patriarch Moscow All Russia). meetings were held a frequency about once every two years alternately Tehran. history past meetin...

tehran as the biggest metropolitan of iran is located in the areas that are at high-risk of earthquake. what increases tehran's vulnerability toward earthquake is the urban physical expansion in vaious dimensions. since the analysis of the mentioned expansion is a solution to many urban problems, the effects of tehran expansion in increasing vulnerability to earthquake has been surveyed in...

fast and unplanned city growth, has effects such as isolation of village societies, threatening urbancores and centers and small and weak societies, destruction of open spaces and open and natural regions. smart growthoffers a sustainable way for urban developing with appropriate use of available sources, increase of urban services,developing neighborhoods with different uses, making public tra...

The main objective of this research is to find the extent to which the minimal variability Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) model of seismic vulnerability assessment is sensitive to variation of optimism degree. There are a variety of models proposed for seismic vulnerability assessment. In order to examine the efficiency of seismic vulnerability assessment models, the stability of results coul...

Nowadays, Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway System (TUSRS) is going to be completed by eight lines and 149 stations. This complex transportation system contains 168 links between each station pairs and 20 cross-section and Y-branch stations among all eight lines. In this study, we considered TUSRS as a complex network and undertook several analyzes based on graph theory. Examining e.g. centrali...