the vegetation covering of a region has a direct correlation with climate. so if data is available for vegetation cover, the second variable (climate) can be easily predicted and in reverse. the dominant species in a region are indication of its climatic conditions and vice versa. accordingly, this is of significance in the science of historical botany. fortunately, from the first millennium ad...

nowadays, technological development and the appearance of new informational and communicational devices have been lead to new methods for communication and generating and storing of data. the growth of using of these methods in commercial and daily connection has caused a new version of evidence called electronic evidence. although the nature of electronic and paper evidence are different, the ...

the effect of silence in civil litigation is important in two cases: the silence of litigants (plaintiff and defendant) and silence in evidence of proof of claim. although the general rule is that silence cannot express the will and, therefore, is not entitled to the legal effects and any responsibility, but the silence of plaintiff and defendant has been deemed refusal and it has legal effect....

in different codes, document is recognized as a valid evidence, but in article 1335 of the civil code it is used as an expression that denies its validity as an independent evidence and limits its documentary effect as introduction of knowledge of judge; so the expression of the legislator in this article about the document is inconsistent with other articles of that code as well as with articl...

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) offers decision makers a structured, rational approach with which to improve the return on resources expended. But decades after its widespread promotion to the medical community, policy makers in the United States remain reluctant to use the approach formally. Indeed, the resistance to economic evidence in the United States in an era of evidence-based medicine...