391 theories regarding the mode of action of parathyroid hormone and its relationship to the action of vitamin D. The presentation is beguiling in its logic but far from convincing in its evidence. Regarding a theory of the mechanism of decalcification in hyperparathyroidism the startling statement is made that "new equilibria are established between the intra (inter?) cellular spaces and the b...

background and aims: sea buckthorn (hippophae rhamnoides l.) is a deciduous plant and has highly variable type and size, from small shrubs to medium-sized trees, traditionally growing in tibet and currently all over the world especially in europe and asia. this study aimed to overview some of therapeutic and non-therapeutic properties of sbt and its potential benefits and side effects in order ...

purpose: propofol is one of the most common drugs used in anesthesia induction and the pain during its intravenous injection is one of the most important side effectsthat it has. therefore, many methods and drugs have been examined so far to reduce or eliminate this side effect. in this study a lot the effects of alfentanil, magnesium sulfate and ketamine drugs on reducing the pain during intra...

conclusions it was concluded that the efficacy of tramadol and fluoxetine in males with premature ejaculation are the same and both are effective. both of these drugs are safe to treat premature ejaculation. results thirty-six subjects with the mean age of 44 ± 19.3 years underwent analysis. eighteen subjects were treated by fluoxetine and 18 by tramadol. the efficacy of treatment in the two gr...

glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration have been shown as pathophysiological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (ms) and other autoimmune inflammatory cns disorders. n‑methyl‑d‑aspartate (nmda) receptors play a pivotal role in the mediation of neuronal glutamate excitotoxicity leading to cellular damage and apoptotic cell death. current treatment approaches targeting glutamate exc...

goldfish carassius auratus were subjected to either formalin (250 ppm) or nacl (10 ppt), over a 0.5-h period followed by 24-h freshwater exposure. serum biochemistry was monitored before exposure (0), immediately after (0.5) plus 3 and 24 h after exposure. results showed that both formalin and nacl treatments caused rapid increase in cortisol with a peak at 3 h, which did not recover until 24 h...