The human gut symbionts in whole and probiotics in particular promote intestinal function and health, partially via modulation of gut associated lymphoid tissue. Molecular basis of microbiota-host interaction is pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their ligands, viz., microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP). Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics are strain-specific, which is importan...

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has been used in the diagnosis of wall-infiltrative lesions, cancers, and submucosal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. EUS is no longer merely an imaging technique and consequently its applications can therefore be divided into diagnostic and therapeutic categories for pancreatic diseases as well for gastrointestinal diseases. Diagnostic EUS includes convent...

since particulate matter (total suspended particles and particulate matter with median aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm) is one of the important pollutants in the ambient air of tehran, the capital of iran, organic substances, inorganic substances and lead levels in tsp and pm10, correlation between tsp and pm10 concentrations, ratio among the two fractions and relation between tsp and pm10...

introduction: addiction is a habit or behavior that is often hard to quit. it is estimated that 190 million persons are substance users around the world. substance abuse creates tolerance after a while. shortly after taking the drug, a person will not enjoy as the beginning of its use that is why the amount of substance used is gradually increased. the purpose of this study was to find the reas...

introduction: children may be intentionally or unintentionally exposed to any substance. substance poisoning is one of the most important emergency interventions in children that cause a great number of deaths each year. regarding the importance of this issue and recent increase in number of poisoning cases, a study with the aim of investigating cases of substance poisoning and factors involved...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine if serum anticholinergic activity (SACA) arises from endogenous substances produced during illness. METHODS Elderly medical inpatients (N = 612) were screened for anticholinergic medication use in the week prior to the study by interviews of subjects and proxies and review of emergency room, hospital, and nursing home medication administra...

Gastric mucosal cell-derived L-lactic acid strongly enhances proliferation of Helicobacter pylori, and may contribute to the long-term colonization of H. pylori in the stomach. Therefore it is assumed that inhibitory substances active against L-lactic acid-dependent growth of H. pylori will be useful candidates as novel therapeutic agents for H. pylori infection. In this study, we developed a n...