this study was carried out to investigate the effect of esterification on the surface roughness of eastern cottonwood. eastern cottonwood was modified without using any catalyst and solvent at different temperatures and times with two linear chain carboxylic acid anhydrides (acetic anhydride or propionic anhydride). different weight percentage gains (wpgs) were obtained at different conditions....

We present the electronic structure evolution from graphite oxide to thermally reduced graphite oxide. Most functional groups were removed by thermal reduction as indicated by high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the electrical conductivity increased 6 orders compare with the precursor graphite oxide. X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the thermally reduced graphite oxi...

The protein vital gluten is mainly used for food while interest non-food applications, like biodegradable materials, increases. In general, the structure and functionality of proteins highly dependent on thermal treatments during production or modification. This study presents conformational changes corresponding rheological effects wheat depending temperature. Dry samples analyzed by X-ray pho...

Exfoliation, i.e. individual separation of carbon sheets, is of great interest to produce single-layered graphene nanosheets. Chemical or thermal treatments are popular approaches to exfoliate graphite chunks. In general, these conventional methods are assisted with intercalation via covalent or non-covalent functionalization, expansion, and swelling, adsorption of organic molecules in gas phas...

Studies on the durability and dimensional stability of a series of hardwoods and softwoods after thermal modification in vegetable oils and in steam atmospheres have been performed. Mass loss after exposure to Coniophora puteana (BAM Ebw.15) for 16 weeks was very low for European birch, European aspen, Norway spruce, and Scots pine thermally modified in a linseed oil product with preservative (...

To modify the surface properties of inorganic materials, we successfully covalently attached a stable monolayer, with high grafting density, of N,N(diethyl)dithiocarbamoylbenzyl(trimethoxy)silane on the surface of silicon wafers and glass substrates, thereby creating a surface-grafted photoinitiator for “living” free radical photopolymerization. The surface-grafted initiators were utilized for ...