Calibration and prediction in conceptual rainfallrunoff (CRR) modelling is affected by the sampling and measurement uncertainty in the forcing/response data and by the structural error of the model conceptualisation. The Bayesian Total Error Analysis methodology (BATEA) offers a robust approach to deal with these multiple sources of uncertainty. The core idea is to pose the model calibration as...

This work addresses the issue of better considering the heterogeneity of precipitation fields within lumped rainfall-runoff models where only areal mean precipitation is usually used as an input. A method using a Kohonen neural network is proposed for the clustering of precipitation fields. The evaluation and improvement of the performance of a lumped rainfall-runoff model for one-day ahead pre...

The mass/count distinction attracts a lot of attention among cognitive scientists, possibly because it involves in fundamental ways the relation between language (i.e. grammar), thought (i.e. extralinguistic conceptual systems) and reality (i.e. the physical world). In the present paper, I explore the view that the mass/count distinction is a matter of vagueness. While every noun/concept may in...

Groundwater modules are critically important to the simulation of low flows in physically based land surface models (LSMs) and conceptual rainfall-runoff (HBV). Here, we develop a for Ungauged Basins (GrUB) module that uses only properties which data widely available, thus allowing its application without need calibration. GrUB is designed be computationally simple readily adaptable wide variet...

(G) and observed discharge (Q), whereas the other data-driven model, ANN-Ensemble (ANN-E), and the two conceptual models, HBV and GR4J, use forecasted meteorological inputs (P and PET), whereby we employ ensemble seasonal meteorological forecasts. We compared low flow forecasts without any meteorological forecasts as input (ANN-I) and five different cases of seasonal meteorological forcing: (1)...

Abstract The performance of conceptual catchment runoff models may highly depend on the specific choice calibration methods made by user. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE) are two well-known families Evolutionary Algorithms that widely used for hydrological environmental models. In present paper, five DE PSO optimization algorithms compared regarding models, name...

zinc is the first modelling language which supports solver and technique independence. this means that a high level conceptual model can be automatically mapped into an appropriate low level design model for a specific solver or technique. to date, zinc uses three different techniques to solve a model: constraint programming (cp), local search (ls), and mixed integer programming (mip). in this ...

results patients’ age ranged from 15 to 65 years (mean = 35.54 ± 14.85). thirty four (1.0%) of the subjects were positive for hbsag, of whom, 2.9 % (1 of 34 cases) were also positive in pcr-based screening. elisa tests for hbeag, hbeab, and hbcab igm were positive in one (2.9 %), 27 (79.4%) and one (2.9 %) cases, respectively. conclusions according to our results, hbsag was positive in 0.53 of ...