There are human and animal health concerns related to drainage systems because nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, can contaminate water supplies. A field study was conducted on consolidated paddy fields of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Northern Iran (36.3°N, 53.04°E), to determine the effect of subsurface drain depth and spacing on nitrogen (N) and pho...

due to the important role of subsurface drainage in managing the ground water level, there are many researches focused on finding a new and more economic way to develop subsurface drainage technologies. lack of proper drainage system in northern iran has caused huge implantation of rice and it is impossible to have second implantation in this region. one reason of insufficiency of current drain...

surface and subsurface water collection in small seasonal rivers is very crucial, particularly in dry seasons. in this study a type of intake is introduced which acts as a river drainage network. an experimental model of the subsurface intake was constructed and the effective parameters such as upstream discharge, installation depth, and drain intervals were evaluated. the results showed that t...

concerns about nitrate pollution in groundwater and downstream systems cause development of surface water management system to reduce losses of agricultural drainage water nitrate in subsurface drainage using subsurface irrigation from existing drainage lines, drainage water during the growing season and out of season is controlled. the overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effect...

The paper describes the results of a study, based on literature review and interviewing of practicing engineers, examining pavement subsurface drainage systems in the UK. Details are provided of the most common drainage systems, the problems frequently encountered and methods by which these problems can be remediated and prevented. Case studies have been included to provide examples of the dete...

the system dynamics technique is an object-oriented approach that studies and manages complex feedback systems. its merits include the friendly and easy development and improvement of a model. it is also used as a decision tool for engineering problems. in this paper, the system dynamics technique was used to simulate the performance of a subsurface drainage system in an unsteady state. the mod...

Subsurface agricultural drainage has allowed for enhanced crop production in many areas of the world including the upper Midwest, United States. However, the presence of nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N) in subsurface tile drainage water is a topic of intense scrutiny due to several water quality issues. Many studies have been conducted looking at ways to reduce nitrate-N in tile drainage (Baker et ...

The study data draws on the drainage design for Hammam agricultural project (HAP) and Eshkeda (EAP), located in south of Libya, north Sahara Desert. results this are applicable to other arid areas. This aims improve prediction saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) enhance efficacy system data-poor Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were developed estimate Ksat compared with empirical regressio...

evaluating drainage systems, exploring their strengths and weaknesses, provides a comprehensive perspective to designers and organizers for optimum design and implementation of guidelines for the future. this study was conducted at an experimental site consisting of three plots on a subsurface drainage network under operation in behshahr, a coastal region in northern iran. to evaluate system pe...