OBJECTIVE We describe a surgical tool that uses the distractor pin as a reference for determining proper screw length in ACDF. It is critical that screw purchase depth be as deep as possible without violating or penetrating the posterior cortical wall, which ensures strong pull out strength. METHODS We enrolled 81 adult patients who underwent ACDF using an anterior cervical plate from 2010 to...

Digital micro-fluidic biochips have represented as a small integrated tool for large biological sample analysis. Only nanoliter volume of discrete fluid droplets (sample) is required to manipulate the integrated chips on an electrode array via electrical actuation. Each electrode activate with independent pin for direct addressing biochip. For low cost and disposal biochip, pin-constraint desig...

Microstructures, tensile properties and fracture energy of a friction stir spot welded polycarbonate (FSSW) were studied at varying rotational rates and dwelling time. The problem of common FSSW welding is the remaining of characteristic keyhole. This can act as a concentration place in mechanical tests. To order solve this problem authors took advantage of innovation for designing the welding ...

In this work, effects of different tool pin profiles of flat and tapered shoulder geometries on the peak temperature in friction stir welding are investigated analytically. The developed models used for the analytical investigations considered the welding process as a combination or mixture of the pure sliding and the pure sticking. From the results, the amount of heat generation and the peak t...

To optimize the tool geometry (Pin profile) and process parameters for the FSW process. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to understand the effect of rotational speed, welding speed and there different pin profiles on the nugget zone formation in AA 6063-T4 aluminum alloy. Three different tool pin profiles (tapered cylindrical, tapered square and square) have been used to f...

Miniaturization of assays is an important objective in Ultra-HTS. One of the major obstacles has been to find fluid handling systems capable of reliably and accurately delivering between 2 and 200 nl of test compound to assay plates. New methods of forming pins, placing slots in the pins, and hydrophobic coatings bonded onto the pins solve many of the problems encountered by early pin tools. Un...

the technique described below offers temporary crown for the severely damaged vital anterior teeth without resorting to emergency root canal therapy or pin.

UNLABELLED NetAlign is a web-based tool designed to enable comparative analysis of protein interaction networks (PINs). NetAlign compares a query PIN with a target PIN by combining interaction topology and sequence similarity to identify conserved network substructures (CoNSs), which may derive from a common ancestor and disclose conserved topological organization of interactions in evolution. ...

Friction stir welding is not used for hard alloys because of premature tool failure. A scheme is created which exploits the physical three-dimensional heat and mass flow models, and implements them into a fast calculation algorithm, which when combined with damage accumulation models, enables the plotting of tool durability maps which define the domains of satisfactory tool life. It is shown th...