In order to derive the equation of the contact line of the involute curvilinear-tooth cylindrical gear pump for the agricultural tractor, the tooth surface of the involute curvilinear-tooth cylindrical gear is firstly generated as that of the spur or helical gear. Then the equation of the tooth surface is derived from changing the settings and orientations of the coordinate systems after the eq...

Tooth enamel is the hardest material in the human body, and it is mainly composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-like mineral particles. As HAp has a hexagonal crystal structure, X-ray diffraction methods can be used to analyze the crystal structure of HAp in teeth. Here, the X-ray diffraction method was applied to the surface of tooth enamel to measure the orientation and strain of the HAp crystals. ...

Introduction Load-carrying capacity of gears, especially the surface durability, is influenced by their tooth surface roughness in addition to their tooth profiles and tooth traces (Refs. 1 and 2). The harder the gears are, the smoother their tooth surfaces and the more accurately their tooth profiles should be finished in order to obtain high load-carrying capacity. Through research, the relat...

UNLABELLED Management of generalized erosive tooth surface loss can be challenging. Careful pre-operative assessment of the patient and treatment planning is essential. The aim of any treatment provided is to prevent further tooth surface loss, restore aesthetics and function, and provide a stable occlusal relationship. Whilst attempting to fulfil these goals, it is important to protect the rem...