SUMMARY 1) The use of presence/absence data is a valid method for comparing communities from hard shore marine environments where the biota is relatively sessile. It is an extensively used method in botanical surveys and its use should be extended into the marine environment. 2) Blackhead had the highest species richness and the widest range of species diversity, suggesting a diversity of habit...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The persistence of plants inhabiting restricted alpine areas under climate change will depend upon many factors including levels of genetic variation in adaptive traits, population structure, and breeding system. METHODS Using microsatellite markers, the genetic structure of populations of a relatively common alpine grass, Poa hiemata, is examined across three altitudinal ...

Sampling was done largely in the Dutch Kempen region located south-east of Eindhoven and north to a complex of several large zinc smelting works. Some samples were taken about 10 km north to this region in order to include data on less polluted sites. All sites were situated in either grassland or heathland on sandy podzolic soil. Thirty-one sites were sampled in total, mainly along transects o...

In order to obtain an optimum management of natural resources, determination of variables that control plant presence and distribution is needed. In the present research, the relationship between some character plants of drylands and some soil and environmental variables were investigated. After primary survey and selection of main plant species, sampling was done in each vegetation type within...

Wind, in the duration of its erosional process, affects considerable changes in a grain's morphologyfrom its removal (detachment) step to sedimentation. In other word, a grain undergoes its gradualevolution during the transit process. In this project, the maturation of Aeolian sand grains had beenstudied upon as based on texture maturity indicator which includes: sorting, mean size grain, round...