Rāmānuja was the founder of Visistādvaita Vedānta School, which is one of the three main schools of Vedānta. According to Rāmānuja, the soul (cit), Brahman, and matter (acit) constitute the three principal ontological realities. Rāmānuja provides some proofs for the existence of the soul, which are mostly based on self-consciousness. The relationship of the soul with the matter, on one hand, an...

one of the most important philosophical consequences that have left an enormous impact on some philosophical issues is the substantial motion theory. it is a comprehensive theory, which opens new perspectives to many of the philosophical problems, including movement of the soul (nafs) that mullā ṣadrā, contrary to the earlier philosophers, viewed as of substantial (essential) movement kind. the...

This research is an attempt to compare the views of Farabi and Ibn Sina on the question of happiness, which is discussed in two parts: the definition of happiness and its relation to the faculties of the soul. Farabi has suggested five definitions and Ibn Sina one definition for happiness. It will be shown that in some respects the definition of Ibn Sina and in some others those of Farabi are m...

In my last paper on this important subject, lack of space prevented me from enlarging on the question of the uniqueness of the soul. I hinted that one model, the one that I favour, allows for somatic rearrangements of the soul, permitting the emergence of individuality just like that possessed by the immune system. Professor Dolcecaro of the Istituto di Immunologia in Pesto, has sent me a somew...

one aspect of self-knowledge is consisted of interaction between soul and actions, ethics and knowledge. according to sadrā's opinion, soul is united with its acquired knowledge and long-term dispositions. the main principles of the theory include:nivocal of entity, (principality of existence) and its gradation) substantial motion of soul,identity of the knower and the known,bodily conting...

Transmigration of mandibular canines is a rare phenomenom. Bilateral transmigration of mandibular canine is even much rarer. Treatment can be orthodontic or surgical. Orthodontic treatment is very cumbersome. Here we are reporting a case of a bilateral transmigration of canines which was treated surgically, with great results. Also we are giving a brief review of literature. Key words; abgel, b...

in order to arrive at a better understanding of resurrecting individuals, one should consider theories of soul and, more specifically, that saying the sameness between soul and temperament. advocates of this theory assert that soul is the efficient cause for the appearance of biotic effects. they also maintain that this efficient cause (i.e. soul) is an accident called temperament and, hence, s...

In Book Four of Plato's Republic, Socrates divides the soul. He argues that because one thing cannot do or undergo opposites in the same respect, in the same relation, and at the same time, some cases of psychological conflict can only be explained by supposing that the soul is actually more than one thing. But Socrates does not seem to deny that the soul is a unity. Rather, he seems to hold th...

the aim of this article is to examine avicenna’s theory of the immortality of human soul. avicenna believes in immortality of the soul and resurrection of the body but he engages in a philosophical investigation about the former not the latter. according to his view, religion has talked of resurrection of the body in detail. the picture he presented of the immortality of the soul, viz spiritual...