reliability of a system is the probability that it will function as intended for the required period of time. the opposite of reliability is failure probability per unit time or over time, such as a life cycle. following a review of existing reliability codes and approaches, comprehensive approaches to assess the reliability of offshore structures are described, including probabilistic analysis...

Silver nanowires were synthesized by solvothermal method through reducing silver nitrate (AgNO3) with ethylene glycol (EG) in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). In order to prevent the agglomeration of Ag+ in the initial Ag seeds formation, sodium chloride (NaCl) was added into the solution to form AgCl colloids. By dissolving AgCl in the late stages, Ag+ ions were released into the so...

In this paper, we study tree–like tableaux, combinatorial objects which exhibit a natural tree structure and are connected to the partially asymmetric simple exclusion process (PASEP). There was a conjecture made on the total number of corners in tree–like tableaux and the total number of corners in symmetric tree–like tableaux. In this paper, we prove both conjectures. Our proofs are based on ...

The Flory-Stockmayer theory for the polycondensation of branched polymers, modified for finite systems beyond the gel point, is applied to the connection (synapses) of neurons, which can be considered highly branched "monomeric" units. Initially, the process is a linear growth and tree-like branching between dendrites and axons of nonself-neurons. After the gel point and at the maximum "tree" s...