water salinity and drought are the major abiotic stresses limiting turf grass growth. on the other hand, shortage of waterresources and salinity of water and soil in the arid and semi-arid zones such as iran, are the restricting factors in developinglawn turf grasses. an experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of water salinity and deficit irrigation ontall fescue (festuca aru...

The aim of this study was to compare the incidence, nature, and cause of injuries sustained in rugby union played on artificial turf and grass. The study comprised a two-season investigation of match injuries sustained by six teams competing in Hong Kong's Division 1 and training injuries sustained by two teams in the English Premiership. Injury definitions and recording procedures were complia...

C O M E 200 green-chairmen, greenkecp^ erg, and others interested in prohlems of turf maintenance assembled Monday morning. September 16, for the third annual turf meeting sponsored by the USGA Green Section and the Greenkeeping Superintendents' Association. A twoday program was arranged this year to inrlude a review (1) of the experimental work in progress on the Arlington turf garden, (2) the...

The primary purpose of this study was to characterize the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC), rubber-related chemicals such as benzothiazole (BZT) and nitrosamine, and particulate matter (PM(10)) in air at synthetic turf crumb rubber fields. Both new and older fields were evaluated under conditions of active use. Three types of fields were ...

BACKGROUND Football turf is increasingly used in European soccer competition. Little is known on the rotational torque that players experience on these fields. High rotational torques between the shoe outsole and the sports surface has been correlated with torsional injuries of the lower limb and knee. PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of six parameters that could influence the rotational torque...

Lawns are ubiquitous in the American urban landscapes. However, little is known about their impact on the carbon and water cycles at the national level. The limited information on the total extent and spatial distribution of these ecosystems and the variability in management practices are the major factors complicating this assessment. In this study, relating turf grass area to fractional imper...

OBJECTIVE To review the influence of cleats-surface interaction on the performance and risk of injury in soccer athletes. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Scopus, Web of science, PubMed, and B-on. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Full experimental and original papers, written in English that studied the influence of soccer cleats on sports performance and injury risk in artificial or natural gr...

BACKGROUND Shoe-surface interactions have been implicated in the high number of noncontact knee injuries suffered by athletes at all levels. PURPOSE To examine shoe-surface interactions on newer field designs and compare these with more traditional shoe-surface combinations. The peak torque and rotational stiffness (the rate at which torque is developed under rotation) were determined. STUD...

The effect of taxa [common Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon (L.); centipedegrass, Eremochloa ophiuroides Munro Hack; St. Augustinegrass, Stenotaphrum secundatum [Walt.] Kuntze; and zoysiagrass, Zoysia spp.], density, height, and weed density on abundance of natural enemies, and their potential prey were evaluated in residential turf. Total predatory Heteroptera were most abundant in St. Augustin...