a r t i c l e i n f o We investigate how a deferred patent examination system promotes ex-ante screening of patent applications, which reduces both the number of granted patents and the use of economic resources for examinations, without reducing the return from R&D. Based on a real option theory, we develop a model of examination request behaviors. Exploiting the responses of Japanese firms to...

Recent years have seen a growing interest in research into patent retrieval. One of the key issues in conducting information retrieval (IR) research is meaningful evaluation of the effectiveness of the retrieval techniques applied to task under investigation. Unlike many existing well explored IR tasks where the focus is on achieving high retrieval precision, patent retrieval is to a significan...

Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer Pentomics’ first DDS patent concerns a method and apparatus for DDS which, unlike the traditional table-lookup methods, uses a simplified “angle-rotation” algorithm implemented as a multiplierless feedforward datapath, allowing easy pipelining and limiting the accumulation of roundoff errors. Our DDS’s modular architecture permits outputs of arbitrary precis...

Abstract In August 2021, the ‘Second Act for Modernization of Patent Law’ (Zweites Patentrechtsmoderni-sierungsgesetz) introduced an explicit proportionality defense into Sec. 139(1) German Act. Unlike competition law or national contract prong Huawei in FRAND cases, thus derives from GPA itself. The new provision has already generated much debate and some initial case law. According to public ...

This paper analyzes the patent propensity as an outcome of innovative activities regional SMEs. To achieve aims, we apply robust regression analysis to estimate models test 5 research hypotheses using 263 firm level data located at Gwangju region in Korea. Our empirical results show that a firm's industry characteristics, such machinery and automotive parts industry, is negatively related with ...

Persistent serpentine supravenous hyperpigmented eruption (PSSHE) is a peculiar patterned eruption characterised by hyperpigmented streaks following the superficial venous network on the skin. Unlike the superficial thrombophlebitis, it is characterised by underlying vessels that are patent. It has been described most commonly after injection of chemotherapeutic drugs. We describe a 40 year old...