Background and Objectives: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in gymnastic. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of low back pain on functional stability of upper limb in gymnast athletes. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 30 male gymnasts (12-14 years old) of Khorramabad were selected based on inclusion and exclusion crit...

Introduction: During spinal anesthesia, measurement of blood pressure is often obtained by an indirect method using an inflatable cuff on the upper arm. The relationship between the blood pressure measurements at the two sites in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the difference observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) taken from the upp...

Background and Aim: Spasticity is a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes (muscle tone) with exaggerated tendon jerks, resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex. The measurement of spasticity is necessary to determine the effect of treatments. The Modified Ashworth Scale is the most widely used method for assessing muscle spasticity in clinical practice and research...