An intercept survey using quota sampling design investigated awareness of eight outdoor advertisements among 332 Hong Kong pedestrians aged 15 and above. Awareness of outdoor posters ranged from 19 percent to 50 percent, with an average of 35 percent. Advertising awareness did not differ by sex, age, or educational level. The message response involvement theory was adopted as the theoretical fr...

CONTEXT Commercial marketing is a critical but understudied element of the sociocultural environment influencing Americans' food and beverage preferences and purchases. This marketing also likely influences the utilization of goods and services related to physical activity and sedentary behavior. A growing literature documents the targeting of racial/ethnic and income groups in commercial adver...

Infant mortality and morbidity risk is linked to formula usage. The proportion of Filipino infant formula users rose 6% between 2003 and 2008. It is hypothesized this rise resulted from aggressive formula industry marketing. We conducted a household survey between April and December 2006 and focus groups in April-May 2007 in The Philippines to examine the association between mothers' exposure t...

This paper critically examines the morality of advertising by practitioners in spiritual healing and herbal medicine heretofore referred to as traditional medicine, in southern African urban societies. While the subject of traditional medicine has been heavily contested in medical studies in the last few decades, the monumental studies on the subject have emphasised the place of traditional med...

Radio is an ideal media for marketing fast moving consumer goods because it can reach wide targeted listener demographics in urban habitat. A large number of people listen to radio while commuting in urban areas and respond to the broadcast of various commercial messages. This study aims at analyzing the impact of radio advertisements on urban commuters towards buying behavior in retail stores ...

In this paper we use 2001-2002 urban survey data we collected to analyze demographics, cultural factors, and purchasing behaviors influencing the consumption of fresh milk, yogurt, ice cream, and powered milk in urban areas of China. The data include frequency of consumption by product, location of consumption and purchase, exposure to advertising and foreign culture, and school milk programs. ...