Katherine O'Regan is a graduate student in the Department of Economics, University of California at Berkeley. Michael Wiseman is a professor in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning and at the La Follette Institute of Public Affairs, and an affiliate at the Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison. A more detailed discussion of this subject can be found in O'Re...

municipality, as one of the most important legal entities in the urban management, can play an effective role in providing local public services and administration of some local public affairs. the role of the municipality in urban management is different rangin from full authority to implementation of small affairs. the place and importance of the municipality is determined by the laws and leg...

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“Management model” is an important theoretical and practical proposition in study on urban community. Urban community is defined as a harmonious community with psychological and regional congruence. Rebuilding of a harmonious urban community is, as a matter of fact, a process of urban management model transferring from “heteronomy” to “autonomy”. Urban community autonomy means self-governance o...

The spatial inequality of the environment arises as a planning problem when the spatial structure of the different districts of a city is distinctly different; Differences that require different programming solutions for different regions and meeting the objective of creating spatial equality in a city. Nobahar and Vaki-Agha are two districts with unequal urban space located in north and south ...