Employing a unique dataset that covers almost 6000 informal enterprises from six West African urban centers, this paper examines the backward and forward linkages of these enterprises to the formal sector. We first provide a descriptive analysis of the existing formalinformal linkages. It turns out that formal backward linkages are much more prevalent than formal forward linkages, and that link...

This paper considers the spatial structure of a city subject to …nal demand and vertical linkages. Individuals consume di¤erentiated goods (or services) and …rms purchase di¤erentiated inputs (or services) in product (or service) markets where …rms compete under monopolistic competition. Workers rent their residential lots in an urban land market and contribute to the production of di¤erentiate...

This study focuses on the spatial characteristics of the economic impact of a wine sector on rural and urban local areas. It is applied to the Bordeaux vineyard. A model associating a gravity analysis of indirect effect diffusion and a hierarchical urban system is used to analyse agriculture-industry linkages. Results indicate that the economic impact of winery activities are mainly concentrate...

  The study seeks to address the importance of urban stream ecosystems from the perspective of urban ecology, human health and social well-being in the context of urban planning. The case study area is Paveh stream in the City of Paveh. The data from the case study area were gathered from questionnaire, existing scientific and library studies and by conducting interviews with residents and auth...

At the core of the current agricultural system is a clear focus on increasedproduction, with increased intensification as the answer to current global societal andenvironmental issues. It is clear to many however that following a business as usual pathwill put increased tension on the already stressed planetary boundaries. Climate change,economic and demographic evolutions w...

The paper aims to investigate land use change at the county level in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. Three land use patterns are identified by assessing the urban-rural linkages: urban, peri-urban and periphery areas. Empirical analysis shows that land use change in the urban areas is faster than that in the peri-urban and periphery areas. Economic conditions are significant to the l...