Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common female reproductive tract infection and is associated with an increased risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV by a mechanism that is not well understood. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are essential components of the adaptive and innate immune system, are present in the female reproductive tract, and play an important role in epithelial barrier protection....

BACKGROUND Female genital malformations represent miscellaneous deviations from normal anatomy. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of patients who underwent surgery for genital tract malformations at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) during a 31-year period. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed surgical cases of congenital malformation of the female genital tr...

The present review focuses on the most recently published English language literature, and addresses results and complications associated with the laparoscopic approach to urinary incontinence, anterior vaginal wall prolapse, and lower urinary tract injury. Laparoscopic Burch procedures continue to show equal efficacy, but lower morbidity as compared with conventional open techniques. Lower uri...

Vaginal discharge is a distressing and a subjective symptom. A proportion of women are troubled by a discharge which is not profuse whilst others interpret a heavier discharge as normal. Vaginal discharge may be a presenting symptom of a woman who has an underlying psychosexual problem1. The structures of the female genital tract contributing to vaginal secretions include the uterine cervix, en...

conclusions multiple associations existed between atrophic urogenital changes and urinary incontinence. the most significant interaction was between urinary tract infections and urinary incontinence in menopausal women, with urinary tract infections increasing the risk of incontinence by 5.6 fold. we recommend health professionals to focus on early screening of these issues and implement educat...

Pregnant female mice were exposed to diethylstilbestrol or 11 beta-methoxy-17 beta-estradiol on Days 9 to 16 of gestation. The female offspring of these animals were then examined for reproductive tract abnormalities. Scanning electron microscopic and histological evaluation of these specimens demonstrated reproductive tract lesions in all treatment groups when compared to matched control mice....

The vaginal ecology of 463 community-dwelling postmenopausal women was characterized. Vaginal lactobacilli were present in 62% of the women and were significantly more prevalent among women receiving hormone replacement therapy during the previous year. Vaginal Escherichia coli and enterococci were each present in 39% of women and were significantly more frequent in women with a history of urin...

We present the case of a 13-year-old girl with a recurrent urinary tract infection, malodorous vaginal discharge, and urinary incontinence caused by a retained vaginal foreign body. The foreign body, an aerosol cap retained for over 2 years, resulted in the formation of a ureterovaginal fistula, an extremely rare complication. The critical value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance urography in...

Cent Eur J Urol 2013; 66: 329 10.5173/ceju.2013.03.art20 Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a common problem in postmenopausal women. The incidence is higher in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and very often it can be manifested by asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) only. The prevalence of ASB is usually correlated with the length of DM and long–term complications, rather than metabolic parame...