Usually in this type of calculations one does not write explicitly the unit vectors ei. This makes the notation more economical but is possible only either if the vectors are decomposed into the Cartesian unit vectors ex, ey, ez, or (for vectors decomposed into unit vectors e1(ξ), e2(ξ), e3(ξ) associated with some curvelinear coordinates ξ, ξ, ξ see below), or if no differentiations are involve...

The generalized vector is defined on an n dimensional manifold. Interior product, Lie derivative acting on generalized p-forms, −1 ≤ p ≤ n are introduced. Generalized commutator of two generalized vectors are defined. Adding a correction term to Cartan’s formula the generalized Lie derivative’s action on a generalized vector field is defined. We explore various identities of the generalized Lie...

Recently, we have used the symmetric bracket of vector fields, and developed the notion of the symmetric derivation. Using this machinery, we have defined the concept of symmetric curvature. This concept is natural and is related to the notions divergence and Laplacian of vector fields. This concept is also related to the derivations on the algebra of symmetric forms which has been discu...

in this article, a numerical method based on  improvement of block-pulse functions (ibpfs) is discussed for solving the system of linear volterra and fredholm integral equations. by using ibpfs and their operational matrix of integration, such systems can be reduced to a linear system of algebraic equations. an efficient error estimation and associated theorems for the proposed method are also ...