Water distribution systems can be vulnerable to microbial contamination through cross-connections, wastewater backflow, the intrusion of soiled water after a loss of pressure resulting from an electricity blackout, natural disaster, or intentional contamination of the system in a bioterrrorism event. The most urgent matter a water treatment utility would face in this situation is detecting the ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the extent and causes of microbiological contamination of household drinking water between source and point-of-use in developing countries. METHODS A systematic meta-analysis of 57 studies measuring bacteria counts for source water and stored water in the home to assess how contamination varied between settings. RESULTS The bacteriological quality of drinking water signi...

there are 3700 wells in tehran city, of which 850 are deep wells. to determine tehran ground water quality, as a pretest we selected 102 wells by simple random sampling; water analyses were made according to the latest edition (1985) of the standard methods. comparisons of the obtained results with who standards show that only 0.98% of the samples go beyond the maximum desirable concentration o...

Determining the consequences of a water contamination event is an important concern in the field of water systems security. Morbidity and mortality resulting from such a contamination are influenced in part by the amount of contaminated water consumed and the time between consumption and medical treatment. Water quality sensors in the water distribution network may shorten this time and help th...

Risk assessment of central water supply systems a case study. This paper presents methods for identification and risk assessment of central water supply systems, exemplified by a case study of the central water supply system in Luna locality, Cluj county during 2009-2010. System assessment was performed by means of previous data on water quality monitoring and water samples analysis for the par...

background: nitrate and nitrite compounds are considered as groundwater’s contamination factors, which in recent years, their densities have been growing in these resources. this study was conducted aiming to measure nitrate and nitrite density in drinking water wells in villages around the industrial estate, city of orumieh, and to compare them to the approved standards. methods: this was a de...

This paper describes the building of an integrated simulation tool based on a systems approach, and its contribution to local political discussion of the mitigation of microbiological contamination of the water in a coastal area. Local management schemes view water quality as a high-priority environmental objective. In practice, how far this objective is achieved depends on trade-offs between t...

Drinking water microbiological quality was primarily determined by enumeration of “indicator organisms”, whose presence indicates faecal contamination. The presence of the indicators is often a key in assessing potential public health risks due to bacterial pathogens and is used in drinking water quality regulations and guidelines in many countries. The enumeration of fecal coliform specificall...