BACKGROUND The prevalence of different biotic processes (limiting similarity, weaker competitor exclusion) and historical contingency due to priority effects are in the focus of ongoing discussions about community assembly and non-random functional trait distributions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We experimentally manipulated assembly history in a grassland biodiversity experiment (Jena Ex...

The present study evaluated the effects of different dosages herbicides Oxyfluorfen and Trifluralin on crop properties of garlic, including plant height, number of cloves per bulbs as well as economical and biological yield of garlic. In this research, a randomized complete block design, with seven treatments and three replications, along with a control sample (weeding and no weed control), was...

in order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen rate and weeding time on weed communities dynamic, a field study conducted in a research farm of chamran university, ahwaz. the experimental design was split plot based on rcb with three replications. nitrogen rates (77, 110, 143 kg/ha) were considered in the main plot and time of weeding (at 5, 8, 11, leaf stage with control and weedy plot) as sub pl...

To assess potential effects of seed limitation, characteristics of invader species and characteristics of established plant communities on recruitment success, we conducted a split-plot experiment factorially combining three weeding treatments corresponding to increasing successional age (regular weeding < cessation of weeding after three years < never weeded since sowing) with two seed limitat...

Till now, herbicide seems to be a cost effective tool from an agronomic view point to control weeds. But long term efficacy and sustainability issues are the driving forces behind the reconsideration of herbicide dependent weed management strategy in rice. This demands reappearance of physical and cultural management options combined with judicious herbicide application in a more comprehensive ...

to study the response of pinto-bean yield and yield components in intercropping with maize and naked-pumpkin under weed competition, two similar experiments were conducted in rasht and roudsar separately each in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications on factorial arrangements experiment in 2013. the treatments of first factor consisted of  pinto bean (100 and 75%) sole cropping,...

in order to compare different weed management methods in sugar beet, an experiment was conducted at the agricultural research station, ferdowsi university of mashhad, iran, during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. the experiment designed as a complete randomized block with three replications. the treatments including: metamitron + fenmedifam, metamitron + fenmedifam + rotation, metamitron + cultivation,...

In a field experiment, growth parameters of soybean cultivars in different weeding regimes was investigated. The trial was split plot in a randomized complete block design. The four cultivars and two lines of soybean (Glycine max L.) including: Sahar, Hill, Sari, Telar, 032 and 033 in main plot and weeding regime consist of no weeding (control), one weeding (35 days after planting) and two weed...

to determine the optimum weed management method and plant population density on chickpea yield, a split plot experiment based on rcbd with four replications was carried out at the university of tehran research farm (located in karaj) during 2010-2011. the main factor consisted of nine treatments including: 1. trifluralin pre-plant, 2. pendimethalin pre-plant, 3. complete weeding, 4. imazethapyr...