Paul Davies (Physics Today, August 2020, page 34) states, “The synthesis of [Claude] Shannon’s information theory and thermodynamics led to the identification as negative entropy.” The second law states that overall result any real physical process leads an increase entropy, or in ideal process, entropy remains constant, but there is no decrease entropy. If then destroys some somewhere, preserv...

Hate speech in the form of racism and sexism is commonplace on the internet (Waseem and Hovy, 2016). For this reason, there has been both an academic and an industry interest in detection of hate speech. The volume of data to be reviewed for creating data sets encourages a use of crowd sourcing for the annotation efforts. In this paper, we provide an examination of the influence of annotator kn...

this paper extends the scope of algebraic computation based on a non standard × to the more basic case of a non standard +, where standard means associative and commutative. two physically meaningful examples of a non standard + are provided by the observation of motion in special relativity, from either outside (3d) or inside (2d or more), we revisit the “gyro”-theory of ungar to present the m...

Educational freedom is sometimes accused of being an ideological term, so let me frame it in an analytic context. There have been several school choice experiments in the last few years. These experiments had a structure that yielded quality results because students were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Some students by chance received scholarships to attend private schools an...

‎This paper extends the scope of algebraic computation based on a non standard $times$ to ‎the more basic case of a non standard $+$‎, ‎where standard means associative ‎and commutative‎. ‎Two physically meaningful examples of a non standard $+$ are ‎provided by the observation of motion in Special Relativity‎, ‎from either ‎outside (3D) or inside (2D or more)‎, ‎We revisit the ``gyro''-theory ...

This paper presents an extension to SQL where end-users can specify their information quality constraints in the queries. Specifically, it shows how an SQL quality estimator module evaluates the quality profiles (i.e. accuracy and completeness) of queries based on the defined quality constraints. The quality estimations are numeric which would support the end-users in determining the value and ...