the difficulty of assessing the writing skill is well known. different testing facets seem to affect the result of assessing the writing skill. in addition to the writer’s ability, the topic of the writing task, and methods of rating may contribute to the writer’s score. in this study, 50 efl learners wrote four different types of writing tasks (convincing, describing, instructing, and explaini...

Let E be a division ring and G a finite group of automorphisms of E whose elements are distinct modulo inner automorphisms of E. Given a representation ρ : A → GLd(E) of an F-algebra A, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for ρ to be writable over F = E, i.e. whether or not there exists a matrix A in GLd(E) that conjugates ρ(A) into GLd(F). We give an algorithm for constructing an A, or...

This study investigates the validity of a writing model proposed as the underlying structure of the writing skill in English as a foreign language (EFL). Four writing prompts were administered to 178 Iranian EFL learners. The scripts were then scored according to writing benchmarks similar to the IELTS Writing criteria but narrower in scope. After interand intra-rater reliability analysis, a th...

In the light of various studies carried out in various socio-economic areas, scientific and cultural development has been introduced as a prerequisite and fundamental factor for sustainable development of the societies. Obviously, universities, as a "scientific and intellectual command center of the society" have a fundamental and unique role and function. In order to achieve this, the most sig...

This paper presents a system dedicated to automatic language identification of text regions in heterogeneous and complex documents. This system is able to process documents with mixed printed and handwritten text and various layouts. To handle such a problem, we propose a system that performs the following sub-tasks: writing type identification (printed/handwritten), script identification and l...

The difficulty of assessing the writing skill is well known. Different testing facets seem to affect the result of assessing the writing skill. In addition to the writer’s ability, the topic of the writing task, and methods of rating may contribute to the writer’s score. In this study, 50 EFL learners wrote four different types of writing tasks (convincing, describing, instructing, and explaini...

Software development is an iterative process. As user requirements emerge software applications must be extended to support the new requirements. Typically, a programmer will add new code to an existing code base of an application to provide a new functionality. Previous research has shown that such extensions are easier when application logic is clearly separated from the user interface logic....

Photodetectors play a crucial role in converting light signals into electrical and have significant applications various fields such as communications, imaging, sensing. However, the fabrication of photodetector is complex process that involves precise control surface preparation, lithography, deposition techniques. Here study demonstrates GaN/Ga2O3 heterojunctions can be fabricated utilizing l...