zThe coding sequence is compared for each pair of genes. Comparisons were done using the gap program of the Wisconsin GCG sequence analysis package. yCHS = chalcone synthase; CHI = chalcone isomerase; DFR = dihydroflavonol reductase. xFirst row for each plant pair presents the percent amino acid similarity. wSecond row for each plant pair presents the percent amino acid identity. vThird row for...

To trace the fate of individual pollen grains through pollination processes, we determined genotypes of single pollen grains deposited on Hemerocallis stigmas in an experimental mixed-species array. Hemerocallis fulva, pollinated by butterflies, has diurnal, reddish and unscented flowers, and H. citrina, pollinated by hawkmoths, has nocturnal, yellowish and sweet scent flowers. We observed poll...

pollination and pest control are perhaps the best-known ecological services performed by hover flies. the species diversity and their abundance have an influential impact on the ecological services provided by this family. to find out species diversity of adult flower flies associated with agroecosystems in kerman province, a biodiversity survey using insect net and color water traps was conduc...

Although biochemists and geneticists have studied the cotton flower for more than one century, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the dramatic color change that occurs during its short developmental life following blooming. Through the analysis of world cotton germplasms, we found that all of the flowers underwent color changes post-anthesis, but there is a diverse array ...

In Gentiana lutea two varieties are described: G. lutea var. aurantiaca with orange corolla colors and G. lutea var. lutea with yellow corolla colors. Both color varieties co-occur in NW Spain, and pollinators select flower color in this species. It is not known whether a hybridization barrier exists between these G. lutea color varieties. We aim to test the compatibility between flower color v...

Flies (Diptera) represent one of the largest and most important groups pollinators on planet; however, little is known about interactions between flies flowers compared to well-known pollinators, such as bees. Understanding pollinator assemblages key conserving biodiversity ecosystem services, but monitoring Diptera time cost intensive. Using photographs blooming taken by photographers worldwid...