The Manneans appeared in the early 9th century B.C cuneiform records, and sure there were existed before, they perhaps originated from Hurrians Kassites of second millennium, spread a vast area south, southeast southwest Urmia lake, its really border is not known yet, but general basin was their homeland. Their capital city located near modern Bokan south had numbers federal regions, each regio...

Torrential rainfall and rapid snowmelt in April 2017 caused deadly floods northwestern Iran. An atmospheric river (AR), propagating across the Middle East North Africa, was found responsible for this extreme event. The triggered by precipitation warm advection associated with AR. Total satellite-based moderately below normal, suggesting that a heavy flood can happen during dry years. AR fed moi...

introduction common pool water resources (cpwrs) face overuse and congestion due to increased competition for the non-excludability and subtractability nature of their use. in the cpwrs conflicts, beneficiaries base their actions on individual rationality which negatively affect all users eventually due to the lack of trust between them, their self-optimizing tendencies, and inadequate informat...

Different sensing methods provide valuable information for comprehensive monitoring strategies, which are crucial the ecological management of lakes and watersheds. Subsequently, resulting spatio-temporal can be considered fundamental knowledge water resources Lake Urmia is deemed one most important aquatic habitats in Iran. It has been experiencing significant changes during recent years due t...

Background& objectives: Zarrinehrud River is one of the most important permanent and water-rich rivers in West Azerbaijan province located in the catchment area of Lake Urmia. In this study, to evaluate the quality of the Zarrinehrud River, with a length of 57.5 kilometers from the outlet of Noroozlou to the drainage dam to the Lake Urmia, QUAL2K computer simulation model was used. Methods: Th...

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Situated in the Talvar valley of the Bijar County, Tepe Gheshlagh is an archaeological site with a sequence spanning the Chalcolithic through to the Bronze Age. Two seasons of salvage excavations have covered the site as it will be submerged as part of the intended lake of the Talvar Dam. Results from the excavations show evidence of long-lasting Chalcolithic (Dalma) settlements at the site. Da...