The goal of this research is to prepare novel amphiphilic graft copolymers (nonionic) based on hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) and hydrophobic methacrylate (MMA) at room temperature pressure. To generate P(mPEG-g-MMA) grafts, was synthesized grafted with varied ratios in the existence benzoyl peroxide as an initiator utilizing a macro-free radical procedure under effect h...

In 1988, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established the Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) with the mission to develop standards for the coded representation of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media. The work of the MPEG group led to the development of several ISO standards, including ISO 11172, known as MPEG-1 [1]; ISO 13818, known as MPEG-2...

This paper gives an overview of Part 1 of ISO/IEC 15939 (MPEG-7 Systems). It first presents the objectives of the MPEG-7 Systems activity. In the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 standards, “Systems” referred only to overall architecture, multiplexing, and synchronization. In MPEG-4, in addition to these issues, the Systems part encompasses interactive scene description, content description, and programmabili...

This paper gives an overview of Part 1 of ISO/IEC 14496 (MPEG-4 Systems). It "rst presents the objectives of the MPEG-4 activity. In the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 standards, `Systemsa referred only to overall architecture, multiplexing, and synchronization. In MPEG-4, in addition to these issues, the Systems part encompasses scene description, interactivity, content description, and programmability. Th...

Authoring MPEG-4 content is quite a challenge. Far from the past one-video-plus-one-audio-streams of its predecessors MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, MPEG-4 allows the content creator to compose together spatially and temporally large numbers of objects of different types (rectangular or shaped video, still image, natural audio, synthesized audio, 2D graphics and 3D). From this context, MPEG-Pro, an MPEG-4 ...

The MPEG-4 standardization phase has the mandate to develop algorithms for audio-visual coding allowing for interactivity, high compression, and/or universal accessibility and portability of audio and video content. In addition to the conventional “frame”-based functionalities of the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 standards, the MPEG-4 video coding algorithm will also support access and manipulation of “obj...

The MPEG-2 compressed digital video content is being used in a number of products including the DVDs, camcorders, digital TV, and HDTV. The ability to access this widely available MPEG-2 content on low-power end-user devices such as PDAs and mobile phones depends on effective techniques for transcoding the MPEG-2 content to a more appropriate, low bitrate, video format such as MPEG-4. In this p...