alpha-Synuclein (SNCA) plays an important role in the regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission and neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease. We investigated reward and punishment learning in asymptomatic carriers of a rare SNCA gene duplication who were healthy siblings of patients with Parkinson disease. Results revealed that healthy SNCA duplication carriers displayed impaired reward and in...

A 77-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Parkinson disease at 51 years of age presented with a 4-year history of intermittent jaw tremor. This was present at rest and declined in amplitude during voluntary movements. Tremor reappeared after the patient bit a tongue depressor continuously for 10 seconds (video on the Neurology® Web site at Neurology.org). “Re-emergent tremor” is a postural han...

Movement disorders are a diverse group of hypokinetic and hyperkinetic neurologic diseases characterized by abnormal function of the basal ganglia. In this chapter, we will discuss the four most common diagnoses encountered in subspecialty movement disorders clinics: Parkinson disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and spasticity. The presentation and natural history of each of these disorders va...

α-Synuclein is a key protein in Parkinson disease. Not only is it the major protein component of Lewy bodies, but it is implicated in several cellular processes that are disrupted in Parkinson disease. Misfolded α-synuclein has also been shown to spread from cell-to-cell and, in a prion-like fashion, trigger aggregation of α-synuclein in the recipient cell. In this mini-review we explore the ev...

Associations between Lyme disease and certain neurodegenerative diseases have been proposed, but supportive evidence for an association is lacking. Similar geographic distributions would be expected if 2 conditions were etiologically linked. Thus, we compared the distribution of Lyme disease cases in the United States with the distributions of deaths due to Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic latera...

OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of tesofensine, a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor, in patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). DESIGN A pilot phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. The study occurred in hospital-based outpatient clinics and in clinical trial units. Patients with advanced PD and levodopa-related motor fluctuations wer...

BACKGROUND Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is similar to Parkinson disease in that both disorders have impaired dopamine synthesis and respond to levodopa treatment. Dopa-responsive dystonia differs in that dopamine storage is intact in contrast to Parkinson disease in which it is markedly reduced. OBJECTIVE To examine the short- and long-duration responses to levodopa dosing in subjects with ...

INTRODUCTION Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2 or Dardarin) are considered to be a common cause of autosomal dominant and sporadic Parkinson´s disease, but the prevalence of these mutations varies among populations. OBJECTIVE to analyzed the frequency of the LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation (c.6055 G>A transition) in a sample of Colombian patients. METHODS In the present stud...

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif progresif yang dapat menimbulkan masalah pada fungsi motorik dan non motorik, salah satunya gangguan keseimbangan. Exergaming sebagai metode rehabilitasi pasien PD berpengaruh terhadap Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh exergaming keseimbangan melalui literature review . Metode digunakan pencarian artikel sumber dat...