This paper documents part of the process preparing to fully reopen physical Self-Access Learning Center (SALC) in a university Japan after being somewhat interrupted during two years COVID-19 pandemic. Self-access is becoming increasingly complex, multi-faceted and multi-disciplinary it necessary revisit SALC mission statements periodically, particularly major events or changes. A group languag...

In this position paper, we propose commognition for the study of proof teaching at university lectures through an integrative literature review. We critically examine studies that focused on but did not use commognitive framework. Through examination, gain understanding pedagogical aspects and address gaps in literature. After introduce key principles framework, review a set used investigation ...

We consider whether the fragmentation of combatants during civil war has downstream effects on the durability of peace following civil wars. We contend that the splintering of combatant groups, a primary manifestation of rebel group fragmentation, produces potential spoiler groups that are neither incidental nor unimportant in the process of civil war resolution. Making connections to the spoil...

Literature reviews are central to any academic research. Whether journal article, conference presentation or research thesis it is necessary for all of them to provide an overview of earlier research in order to contextualize one’s own findings. More fundamentally, the beginning of any research is crucially dependent on an appropriate literature review. In recent years a supposedly new form of ...

Hyperimmunoglobulin E (HIE) syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by recurrent bacterial infections in presence of very high serum Ig E levels. We are reporting a nine-year-old child with HIE syndrome and reviewing literature on this disease.

In spite of researchers’ concerns to find causalities, reviewing the literature of psychological studies one may argue that the classical statistical methods applied in order to find causalities are unable to find uncertainty and indeterminacies of the relationships between concepts.

This part of the book is designed to provide a reference point to reading Parts II to VIII. The Introduction to this book is a ‘must read’ (unlike in many other books) because it answers key questions like, What is special about this book? How is the book as a whole organized? and How are the chapters organized? Coming immediately after the Introduction, Part I includes three chapters that prov...

Graminoids, including grasses, are frequently described in the botanical literature as being wind-pollinated. This paper offers visual evidence for insect pollination of a grass. Three of the bees involved were found to have 100% grass pollen in their pollen sacs. In reviewing the literature for this paper, it was evident that those working with bees are well aware that these insects often poll...