This study examined the impact of off-farm employment on rural household agriculture credit fungibility (CF) using survey data collected from four regions in Ghana; however, paid more attention to received different sources. By employing endogenous switching regression (ESR) model, we solved issue employment. The econometrics model result revealed that negatively influences household’s probabil...

The colonial experience of developing countries provides valuable evidence regarding the impact of legal and institutional innovations on economic growth. However, there has been little effort by economists to study colonial policies to gain theoretical insights into the process of institutional reform. This paper considers the introduction of civil courts in colonial India and its impact on ag...

How do borrowers respond to improvements a lender’s ability to punish defaulters? We implemented a randomized field experiment in Malawi examining the impact of fingerprinting of borrowers, which improves the lender’s ability to withhold future loans from individuals who have previously defaulted. Study participants were smallholder farmers applying for agricultural input loans, and were random...

This paper explores the productivity and income distribution effects of asymmetric information and risk preferences on the credit market. A model of contract design in the presence of moral hazard is developed in which competitive, risk neutral lenders offer contracts to risk averse agents who hold the option to invest capital and labor time in an entrepreneurial activity. The model gives rise ...

  The study examined the role of information communication technologies in extension delivery of Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) of Nigeria.  The objectives were to: examine the agricultural extension delivery of ATA; identify ICTs relevant in agricultural extension and application of ATA; examine roles of ICTs in extension of ATA and identify constraints to the use of ICTs in extensio...

In this study, the techno-economic analysis of lignocellulosic biomass conversion to electricity in a small scale power plant was conducted. The proposed process is based on the thermal pathway of electricity production from a carbon content feed. Woods, forest and agricultural residues were considered as the biomass feed, which are available extensively in Iran. Besides, the process benefits n...

The objective of this article is to measure the impact access agricultural credit on productivity farmers in Togo. results show that there a difference between who have and those do not. Also, with higher than without. Thus, an essential factor increasing productivity. Togolese decision-makers must, development their policy, place greater emphasis mechanisms promote credit.

This study aims to determine factors affecting pineapple farmers’ accessibility formal credit in Hau Giang Province. Data of the were collected by direct interviews 152 farmers. By logit regression, authors have indicated beneficially farmers' access are agricultural land area, production experience, education, cooperation, and familiarity with institutions. In particular, plays most crucial ro...