Cucurbitacins (Cus) are a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids that confer a bitter taste to cucurbits such as cucumber, melon, watermelon, squash, and pumpkin. To date, a large number of Cus and Cu-derived compounds have been isolated from the Cucurbitaceae family and from other species of the plant (Alghasham, 2013; Shang et al., 2014). Cus have a range of biological and pharmac...

E. Noorollahi et al. / Mathematical and Computer Modelling 56 (2012) 80–96 81 Ta bl e 1 A co m pa ra tiv e an al ys is of th e lit er at ur e. Au th or s N o. pr od uc ts Ty pe of de fe ct iv es Ty pe of re w or ki ng Ty pe of in sp ec tio n Ty pe of ba ck lo g Si ng le M ul tip le N o de fe ct iv e Re w or ka bl e Sc ra pe s N ot al lo w ed Im pe rf ec tP er fe ct N ot us ed Sa m pl in g 10 0%...

REFERENCES 1 GOLD. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD, 2011. www.goldcopd.org/Guidelines/guide lines-resources.html Date last accessed: October 1, 2012. 2 Soriano JB, Brusasco V, Dinh-Xuan AT. The European Respiratory Journal makes COPD a priority. Eur Respir J 2011; 38: 999–1001. 3 Bafadhel M, McKenna S, Terry S, et al. Acute exacerbations of COPD: identifica...

Avian olfaction has been neglected for a long time, although pioneering work has been conducted from the 1960th on (Bang, 1960; Bang and Cobb, 1968; Wenzel, 1968, 1971a,b; see also Nevitt and Hagelin, 2009). However, much of this research focused on odor perception in general or on the use of olfactory cues in non-social contexts, e.g., for navigation (Grubb, 1974; Papi et al., 1974; Wallraff, ...

Mangroves forests can truly be considered as evolutionary hotspots where terrestrial species have re-adapted to marine life, and marine species have undergone the transition to terrestrial species. In fact, mangroves are salt tolerant trees which evolved from rainforest trees over 50 million years ago (Duke 1995; Ellison et al. 1999), unique in their adaptation to the distinct environmental req...

Obstructive jaundice is a cumbersome complication in patients with advanced solid malignancies. The primary tumors associated with obstructive jaundice include primary biliary tract tumors, pancreatic tumors, tumor of the ampulla of Vatter, and tumor of the duodenum. However, obstructive jaundice can be caused by metastasis to the porta hepatic from many different tumors such as gastric , colon...

glucose positron emission tomography uptake in a giant adrenal myelolipoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2002;4:355–8. 5 Hennings J, Hellman P, Ahlstrom H et al. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and 11C-metomidate positron emission tomography for evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas. Eur J Radiol 2007;69:314–23. 6 Khan TS, Sundin A, Juhlin C et al. 11-C metomidate PET imaging of adrenocortic...

The kinetochore is a multilayered protein assembly on centromeric chromatin and acts as a platform on sister chromatids for the attachment of spindle microtubules during mitosis (Cleveland et al., 2003). The constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) of proteins binds to centromeric chromatin throughout the cell cycle and forms the inner kinetochore (Foltz et al., 2006; Okada et al., 200...