________________________________________________________________________ We assess whether bank branch placement in Bangladesh responds to any unexploited potential for non-farm rural development. The location choices of the famous Grameen Bank are compared to those of more traditional banks. We allow for heterogeneity in household characteristics conducive to success in non-farm activities whe...

This paper argues that changes in intergovernmental relations in Japan in the post-war period are best understood in terms of an integrationist as opposed to a separationist model. While the latter model emphasizes the benefits of autonomy for local governments and of competition among them, the former stresses the benefits of minimizing coordination problems and building capacity through the s...

Bank with the intensive collaboration of the many Bank staff working on public sector and governance challenges. The role of the PSGB is to develop and update the Bank's strategy in public sector and governance work, to manage expert staff strategically, to manage the Bank's knowledge on public sector and governance, and to maintain effective partnerships. The preparation of this Approach has b...

Reusability is used to reduce the development time by reusing the already developed components and available information. Over the past decade the concept of reusability has been used to solve problems in different areas. In software it is common to reuse software components. Apart from this, reusability can be used in commercial and professional areas like bank loan process. The bank loan proc...

• Trust funds (non-core voluntary aid) for health projects made up nearly half of the World Bank’s total funding for health and social services in 2012-13 • The Bank has four major types of trust funds: IBRD/IDA bank executed trust funds, IBRD/IDA recipient executed trust funds, financial intermediary funds, and IFC trust funds. These funds have distinct purposes, implementation mechanisms, and...

Conventional measures of banking sector The traditional indicators utilized for assessing the size, depth and development of a country’s banking (financial) sector are: • The ratio of M2 to GDP • The ratio of private credit to GDP. In particular, both these measures have been used to show the causal effects of financial development on economic growth. However, both measures have some limitation...

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the World Development Report 2011 team, the World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. I owe particular thanks to Helena Pérez-Niño for her work in produ...

We study how foreign bank penetration affects financial sector development in poor countries. A theoretical model shows that when domestic banks are better than foreign banks at monitoring soft information customers, foreign bank entry may hurt these customers and worsen welfare. The model also predicts that credit to the private sector should be lower in countries with more foreign bank penetr...