BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic bioethanol is expected to play an important role in fossil fuel replacement in the short term. Process integration, improvements in water economy, and increased ethanol titers are key considerations for cost-effective large-scale production. The use of whole steam-pretreated slurries under high dry matter (DM) conditions and conversion of all fermentable sugars offer ...

the purpose of the current research is investigating the phenylalanine removal by using magnetic nanoparticles (fe3o4) from water samples. the effect of ph, contact time and phenylalanine concentration on phenylalanine adsorption efficiency by magnetite nanoparticles are studied in a batch system. transmission electron microscopy (tem), x-ray diffraction patterns (xrd) and fourier transform inf...

absorptive characteristics of polyaniline synthesized in different solvents were studied. water and mixture of water with other solvents were implemented for polyaniline synthesis. synthesized polyanilines in powder shape is used as an adsorbent to remove toxic hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions. experiments were conducted in batch mode. removal mechanism involving polyaniline is the co...

M athematical model–based simulations of actual bioreactor runs suggest how process variables such as substrate and product concentrations change and how nutrient feeding should be “tuned” with respect to time, pattern, concentration, and composition to elicit a desired response. Insights gained from modeling can guide us in the adjustment of a process, reducing the number of characterization r...

Removal of Fe (II) from aqueous media was investigated using chitosan as the adsorbent in both batch and continuous systems. Batch experiments were carried out at initial concentration range of 10-50 mg/L and temperature range of 20–40˚C. In batch experiments, maximum adsorption capacity of 28.7 mg/g and removal efficiency of 93% were obtained. Adsorption equilibrium data were well-fitted with ...

OBJECTIVE Inpatient length of stay (LOS) is an important measure of hospital activity, health care resource consumption, and patient acuity. This research work aims at developing an incremental expectation maximization (EM) based learning approach on mixture of experts (ME) system for on-line prediction of LOS. The use of a batch-mode learning process in most existing artificial neural networks...

We have successfully demonstrated an efficient anodic aromatic C,C cross-coupling reaction using parallel laminar flow mode in a two-inlet flow microreactor. The model reaction proceeded effectively even in single flow-through operations and the desired cross-coupling product was obtained in much higher current yields compared to the reaction in a conventional batch type cell.

An operationally efficient CDI mediated tandem coupling and cyclization reaction to generate [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines has been reported. The reaction conditions and scope were investigated, and the methodology was demonstrated in batch mode as well as in a continuous process.

In current work, CdS/black carbon nanocomposites were successfully synthesized with the aid of chestnut and cadmium nitrate as the starting reagents. Besides, the effects of preparation parameters such as reaction time, and precursor concentration on the morphology of products and removal of heavy metals (Hg+2, Pb+2) were studied by scanning electron microscopy images and batch adsorption mode....

We report in this paper some positive simulation results obtained when image pixels are directly used as input state of a reinforcement learning algorithm. The reinforcement learning algorithm chosen to carry out the simulation is a batch-mode algorithm known as fitted Q iteration.