We consider the problem of updating nonmonotonic knowledge bases represented by epistemic logic programs where disjunctive information and notions of knowledge and beliefs can be explicitly expressed. We propose a formulation for epistemic logic program updates based on a principle called minimal change and maximal coherence. The central feature of our approach is that during an update procedur...

Reasoning about actions forms the foundation of prediction, planning, explanation, and diagnosis in a dynamic environment. Most of the research in this field has focused on domains with a single agent, albeit in a dynamic environment, with considerably less attention being paid to multi-agent domains. In a domain with multiple agents, interesting issues arise when one considers the knowledge of...

The need to differentiate between epistemic and aleatory uncertainty is now well admitted by the risk analysis community. One way to do so is to model aleatory uncertainty by classical probability distributions and epistemic uncertainty by means of possibility distributions, and then propagate them by their respective calculus. The result of this propagation is a random fuzzy variable. When dea...

We investigate modal systems for knowledge and belief, taking as a starting point a logic that was originally introduced by Kraus and Lehmann. We derive several properties and discuss (their) consequences for the epistemic operators. Kraus and Lehmann observed that adding the axiom B,(f —+ B,K,(p to the system gives a collapse of knowledge and belief: (Kitp +* Bi<p). We investigate the cause(s)...

This paper looks at different rules in dissolving a common value partnership when one partner holds proprietary information. In winner’s bid auction (WBA) and loser’s bid auction (LBA), there exists unique mixed strategy equilibrium. “Payoff equivalence” is established in the sense that partners’ expected payoffs are the same under the two auction formats. The informed partner benefits from an ...

Mild congenital heart defects require no treatment, while severe forms of these diseases need immediate interventions. There are several limits in preterm neonates on drug interventions, interventional procedures, and even heart surgery due to the prematurity of pulmonary, renal, and central nervous systems. Considering the mentioned points, the collaboration of other medical professions, parti...

It’s widely accepted that rational belief aims at truth.1 Objectively correct belief is true belief. A more controversial question: how should rational believers pursue the aim of truth? Epistemic utility theorists have argued that the framework of decision theory can explain what it means for rational belief to have the aim of approximating the truth. By combining the tools of decision theory ...