Patients with idiopathic orthostatic intolerance (IOI) exhibit symptoms suggestive of cerebral hypoperfusion and an excessive decrease in cerebral blood flow associated with standing despite sustained systemic blood pressure. In 9 patients (8 women and 1 man aged 22 to 48 years) with IOI, we tested the hypothesis that volume loading (2000 cc normal saline) and alpha-adrenoreceptor agonism impro...

Menopause is the cessation of menstruation in a woman, typically occurring between ages 45 and 55 years. This article will briefly review physiology types menopause, signs symptoms, symptomatic treatment. Although menopause ends fertility, women can stay healthy, vital, sexual. Smokers with chronic diseases may experience earlier menopause. Since body has depended on these hormones for years, w...

Assessment of symptoms is important both in the diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), and in monitoring response to therapeutic interventions. Key quality aims in assessing symptoms are to gather data that are valid, reliable, unbiased, discriminating, and responsive to change. Important considerations include who should assess symptoms, method of data collection, timing of ass...

a 35-year-old man was admitted because of a 2-year history of nasal obstrction, a nasopharyngeal mass, malaise, and massive cervical lymphadenopathy. nasal symptoms and nasopharygeal mass were due to rhinoscleroma that was confirmed by an incisional biopsy and culture. the patient underwent cervical lymph node biopsy and culture. the patient underwent cervical lymph node biopsy that revealed th...

1. The most important challenge in diagnosis of celiac disease is not-performing the diagnostic tests in suspected persons. Because of multi-organ damage and multiple manifestations of disease, diagnosis of celiac disease may be delayed. It seems general physicians should be aware about uncommon presentations of disease and indications of celiac tests. 2. The second most important challenge is ...

INTRODUCTION Because of the high prevalence of exposure to traumatic events and its negative consequences on mental health, the importance of effective interventions to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder has been emphasized. AIM The authors wanted to evaluate the current status of evidence regarding early psychological interventions after traumatization. METHOD A search was conducted in ...

Decreasing pain and improving function and quality of life are important topics for patients that refuse, or are not candidates for traditional medical interventions, and those at end stages of disease. Patients with inoperable, metastatic bowel carcinoma that experience pain and small bowel obstruction (SBO) as a result of adhesions are a subset of these patients. The standard treatment, adhes...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative disease with degeneration of the central dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to a depletion of dopamine (DA) in the striatum. This depletion causes the clinical hallmarks of this disease: bradykinesia, hypokinesia, rigidity, tremor and postural instability. Besides these well known motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms may ...