Sludge dewatering and treatment may cost as much as the wastewater treatment. Usually large proportion of the pollutants in wastewater is organic. They are attacked by saprophytic microorganisms, i.e. organisms that feed upon dead organic matter. Activity of organisms causes decomposition of organic matter and destroys them, where the bacteria convert the organic matter or other constituents in...

Wastes generated from the production of cattle and swine in confined facilities create the potential for surface and groundwater pollution, emission of greenhouse gases, transmission of pathogens to food and water sources, and odor. It is our hypothesis that something which inhibits microbial fermentation in livestock wastes will be beneficial to solving some of the environmental problems. Our ...

This paper presents a comparison of dry anaerobic digestion reactors fed with differently sorted municipal organic solid wastes. One reactor was fed with source sorted organic wastes and a second reactor was fed with mixed organic wastes consisting of grey wastes, mechanically selected municipal solid wastes and sludge. The two reactors utilised the same process (Valorga) and operational condit...

Every industrial unit generates wastes along with the processed goods. These wastes actually represent loss of the valuable material and energy from the production processes and investment in the pollution control. Usual approach followed by the industries, to cope with the problem of wastes and pollution, is use of waste treatment systems as end-of-pipe remedies. The remedies adopted often res...

Composting is a biological decomposition process where microorganisms convert raw organic materials into relatively stable humus-like material. During decomposition, microorganisms assimilate complex organic substances and release inorganic nutrients. An adequate composting process kills pathogens and stabilizes compost organic carbon before the material is land-applied. In 1997, 27.2 million m...

A model aquatic ecosystem is devised for studying relatively volatile organic compounds and simulating direct discharge of chemical wastes into aquatic ecosystems. Six simple benzene derivatives (aniline, anisole, benzoic acid, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, and phthalic anhydride) and other important specialty chemicals: hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, 2,6-diethylaniline, and 3,5,6-trichlo...

In order to achieve satisfactory biological treatment of wastewater, the wastewater should contain sufficient carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace minerals to meet the metabolic requirements for cell growth. For most food processing wastes, nutritional balance is not a problem since there usually is enough carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace minerals. However, certain food processing was...

The lignocellulosic wastes produced in food industries are suitable raw materials for the production of biological products. In this study, the solid state fermentation of Aspergillus flavus on lignocellulosic wastes was evaluated for microbial protein production. The fraction of the full factorial method was applied for experiment design and process optimization. The results analysis was perfo...

Fig. 1. Relationship between waste and raw materials in the production and use of building materials; the lines illustrating areas of interest for Waste Management are emphasized. An ever-increasing number of papers focusing on the use of waste as an alternative material in the production of building materials is being submitted to Waste Management. Indeed, the wide variety of waste components ...