An unprecedented NH(2)-directed Pd(II)-catalytic carbonylation of quaternary aromatic α-amino esters to yield 6-membered benzolactams has been developed. The reaction shows a strong bias to 6-membered lactams over 5-membered ones. The steric hindrance around the amino group seems to be pivotal for the success of the process.

A one-pot cascade reaction of 1-arylpenta-3,4-dien-2-ones with activated ketones allowed for an efficient and sustainable synthesis of 2-arylphenols. Moreover, this reaction was also found to be compatible and combinable with Pd-catalyzed C-H activation and carbonylation of the in situ formed 2-aryl phenols, thus resulting in a highly convenient and atom-economic synthesis of dibenzopyranones.

Monoselective γ-C-H olefination and carbonylation of aliphatic acids has been accomplished by using a combination of a quinoline-based ligand and a weakly coordinating amide directing group. The reaction provides a new route for constructing richly functionalized all-carbon quaternary carbon centers at the β-position of aliphatic acids.

Hydrotalcite-supported gold nanoparticles (Au/HT) catalyzed the highly efficient double-carbonylation of amines to oxamides under mild reaction conditions. Various amines were selectively converted to the corresponding oxamides. The cooperation between gold nanoparticles and basic sites of HT plays a key role in the reaction.

An efficient Pd(II)/Pd⁰-p-benzoquinone/hydroquinone-CuCl₂/CuCl catalyst system was developed that uses environmentally friendly molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant to catalyze the cyclization-carbonylation-cyclization coupling reaction (CCC-coupling reaction) of (o-alkynyl phenyl) (methoxymethyl) sulfides.

Hemichannels are ion channels composed of six connexins (Cxs), and they have the peculiarity to be permeable not only to ions, but also to molecules such as ATP and glutamate. Under physiological conditions they present a low open probability, which is sufficient to enable them to participate in several physiological functions. However, massive and/or prolonged hemichannel opening induces or ac...

Hypoxic exposure is associated with impaired cardiac energetics in humans and altered mitochondrial function, with suppressed complex I-supported respiration, in rat heart. This response might limit reactive oxygen species generation, but at the cost of impaired electron transport chain (ETC) activity. Dietary nitrate supplementation improves mitochondrial efficiency and can promote tissue oxyg...

This article summarizes the recent developments (particularly the uses of homogeneous organometallic catalysts) in ring-opening carbonylations, ring-opening carbonylative polymerizations and ring-expansion carbonylations of heterocycles such as epoxides, aziridines, lactones and oxazolines.

OBJECTIVES We investigated the incidence and contribution of the oxidation/nitrosylation of tropomyosin and actin to the contractile impairment and cardiomyocyte injury occurring in human end-stage heart failure (HF) as compared with nonfailing donor hearts. BACKGROUND Although there is growing evidence that augmented intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species may play a k...