This paper describes the design and fabrication of a clock and data recovery circuit (CDR). We propose a new clock and data recovery which is based on a 1/4-rate frequency detector (QRFD). The proposed frequency detector helps reduce the VCO frequency and is thus advantageous for high speed application. The proposed frequency detector can achieve low jitter operation and extend the pull-in rang...

The main objective of the paper is to find out the prevalence, to identify the probable causative agents and contributing factors. Cutaneous drug reactions (CDR) were prospectively among dermatological outpatients from August 2003 to September 2005. The total numbers of patients studied were 37,864. Drug history with clinical examination was done. The type of lesions with duration, age, sex, th...

BACKGROUND Cervical disc replacement (CDR) has been widely used to restore and maintain mobility and function of the treated and adjacent motion segments. Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) resection has been shown to be efficient in anterior cervical decompression and fusion. However, less is known about the biomechanical effect of PLL removal versus preservation in cervical disc arthroplas...

We tested the hypothesis that spinal plasticity elicited by chronic bilateral cervical dorsal rhizotomy (C3-C5; CDR) has functional implications for respiratory motor control. Surgery was performed on rats (CDR or sham-operated) 26 d before phrenic motoneurons were retrogradely labeled with cholera toxin. Rats were killed 2 d later, and their spinal cords were harvested and processed to reveal ...

Glaucoma is the second leading progressive ocular disorder after cataract caused by degenerative optic nerve head (ONH) structure. To minimize the risk of visual loss and impairment, early detection of glaucoma is needed. Among the various image structural cues for glaucoma detection, most of the clinician considered Cup-to-Disc (CDR) ratio as major factor. Hence, an robust and automated early ...

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a clock and data recovery circuit (CDR). We propose a new clock and data recovery which is based on a 1/4-rate frequency detector (QRFD). The proposed frequency detector helps reduce the VCO frequency and is thus advantageous for high speed application. The proposed frequency detector can achieve low jitter operation and extend the pull-in rang...

A new frequency offset compensation technique for the MIPI Low Latency Interface (LLI) application is proposed. The proposed clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit has a composite structure of bang-bang and oversampling phase detectors with an offset estimator. Digitally estimated frequency offset is used to determine the gain of the 2nd order digital CDR. An elastic FIFO for the oversampled mul...

The DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) has therapeutic value for the treatment of cancer. However, the mechanism by which 5-Aza-CdR induces antineoplastic activity is an important unresolved question. In this study, we found that 5-Aza-CdR at limited concentrations induced inhibition of colorectal cancer Lovo cell proliferation as well as increased apoptosis caused by ...

Building upon Beaudry and Koop’s (1993) analysis, we consider a “current depth of the recession” (CDR) variable in modeling the time series behavior of the postwar quarterly U.S. unemployment rate. The CDR approach is consistent with the state-dependent behavior in the unemployment rate documented in the business cycle asymmetry literature. We show that while the CDR effect is significant in-sa...