objective(s): one applications of nanotechnology is in the area of medicine which is called nanomedicine. primary instruments in nanomedicine can help us to detect diseases and used for drug delivery to inaccessible areas of human tissues. an important issue in simulating the motion of nanoparticles is modeling blood flow as a newtonian or non-newtonian fluid. sometimes blood flow is simulated ...

Ferric pyrophosphate citrate (FPC) is a water-soluble iron salt administered via dialysate to supply iron directly to transferrin. The PRIME study tested whether treatment with FPC could reduce prescribed erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) use and maintain hemoglobin in hemodialysis patients. This 9-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical study included 103...

A Phase I study was conducted of 5-fluorouracil administered i.p. in a 2-liter volume of 1.5% Inpersol. The drug was administered via Tenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheters to ten patients with tumors confined to the i.p. space. Dialysis concentrations ranged from 5 micro M to mM. Complications of the dialysis procedure alone included mild abdominal discomfort and 2 cases of gram-negative bact...

A novel microfluidic system has been developed that uses the phenomenon of passive pumping along with a user controlled droplet based fluid delivery system. Passive pumping is the phenomenon by which surface tension induced pressure differences drive fluid movement in closed channels. The automated fluid delivery system consists of a set of voltage controlled valves with micro-nozzles connected...

Diabetes is commonly present in the patients with endstage renal disease (ESRD) requiring regular renal replacement therapy. In continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, supraphysiological concentration of dextrose has been widely used as dialysate in the peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid for the past two decades. Depending on the period of exposure and the strength of the dextros...

Neutral icodextrin peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid (n-ICO) has become available for use in Japan. However, removal of water and solutes remains to be elucidated in detail. The present study was designed to determine removal of water, electrolytes, and small, middle, and large molecules in a period of 16 hours. In addition, biocompatibility with respect to peritoneal mesothelial cells was determi...