Serial assessments of neurocognitive functioning in athletes with concussion are commonly used for return to play decisions. This study provides reliable change indices (RCIs) for computerized tests from 40 NCAA Division I collegiate athletes that suffered a sports-related concussion. The normative data that resulted from the RCIs and subsequent analyses of differences between improved and not ...

A water budget is important for environmental models such as a fire potential model. For the eastern United States, water budget indices derived from the cumulative interplay of precipitation and evaporation characterizes moisture conditions better than the Keech-Byram drought index. Because there are various sources of precipitation and evaporation data, it is difficult to manage those data co...

7 Tropical cyclone genesis indices (TCGIs) are functions of the large-scale environment which are 8 designed to be proxies for the probability of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis. While the perfor9 mance of TCGIs in the current climate can be assessed by comparison to observations of TC 10 formation, their ability to represent future TC activity based on projections of the large-scale en11 vironme...

Bioclimates are syntheses of climatic variables into biologically relevant categories that facilitate comparative studies of biotic responses to climate conditions. Isobioclimates, unique combinations of bioclimatic indices (continentality, ombrotype, and thermotype), were constructed for northern California coastal ranges based on the Rivas-Martinez worldwide bioclimatic classification system ...

The many recent publications on regimes and shifts highlight the importance of decadal variability in understanding climate and ecosystems and their connectivity. This paper explores several issues in the application of regime concepts. Even the definition of regimes is unclear, as usage by different authors highlight: (1) displacement or shifts in timeseries, (2) underlying mechanisms, and (3)...

Weather, climate and tourism are interconnected in many different ways. All of them are of both global and local significance. Weather and/or climate information is of interest for tourists and the tourism industry. Crucial for tourism is information on thermal comfort or thermal stress conditions. Thermal indices, i.e., physiologically equivalent temperature, can deliver relevant information f...

[1] Chemical analysis of deepwater octocorals collected at 1000 m depth off southern Australia indicates long-term cooling, beginning in the mid-18th century. This cooling appears to reflect shoaling of isotherms along the continental shelf, that can be related statistically, observationally and by modeling to increasing coastal seasurface temperatures, that in turn reflect a poleward extension...

Recently, global warming problems with rapid population growth and socio-economic development have intensified the demand for water and increased tensions on water supplies. This research evolves the Multi-Objective Coronavirus Optimization Algorithm (MOCVOA) to obtain operational optimum rules of Voshmgir Dam reservoir under the climate change conditions. The climatic variables downscaled and ...

In a letter to the editor, Sundby (2015) expresses concerns about our study of changing spawning locations of the Northeast Arctic (NEA) stock of Atlantic cod over the period 1866–1969, where we identified statistically significant effects of the stock’s demography whereas various climate indices all fell below statistical significance. Our conclusion on the role ascribed to climate disagrees w...

Understanding of the urban climate of a city is important for future planning and human wellbeing. The well known Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) indices were calculated with RayMan model using meteorological data (2001-2011) in order to study the human thermal bioclimate of Dar es Salaam. Results indicate that afternoons from late Sep...