BACKGROUND In the past few years there has been a political imperative driving the creation of European Reference Networks as these are considered a promising way to achieve equity in access to the most up to date medical care across Europe. The right to equity in the access to care was established by the directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the application of patients' ri...

The present study explores the test examiners'' perspectives on role and qualitative aspects of current localized speaking assessment framework used in Vietnam. A case with two experienced examiner-cum-English lecturers was conducted. Inductive content analysis to analyze data findings obtained from individual semi-structured interviews. Drawbacks, merits, standardization issues frameworks, i.e...

PURPOSE Frontline healthcare professionals are well positioned to improve the systems in which they work. Educational curricula, however, have not always equipped healthcare professionals with the skills or knowledge to implement and evaluate improvements. It is important to have a robust and standardized framework in order to evaluate the impact of such education in terms of improvement, both ...

This study aimed at developing the Silpakorn Test of English Proficiency (STEP), in alignment with Common European Framework Reference for Languages (CEFR), and accordance theoretical framework established by Alderson et al. (2006). Four major steps were involved test construction. First, language lecturers who served as content specialists asked to design can-do statements presented CEFR. Then...

Textbooks have an essential role in the educational process. They are means necessary to achieve objectives of curriculum and their active success In addition, textbooks contain materials for attention level thinking, knowledge, skills, affection that students must learn order obtain relevant basic competency. A good textbook should standards conform standard. Indonesia did not a specific stand...

The notion of reference as entailment in the common ground provides a uniied framework for the treatment of denotation by names, deenite descriptions, and pronouns, including anaphors. Within this framework, semantic and pragmatic considerations are combined, giving two kinds of proof of denotation, by sense and by reference, for references to individuals which are and aren't already in the com...