Various methods have been used to economically design wastewater and stormwater collection systems. In this article, Discrete Differential Dynamic Programming (DDDP) which is a subsection of dynamic programming (DP) was used. For each pipe network, various alternatives such as depth and slope of pipe laying and various diameters could be considered to satisfy hydraulic and engineering constrain...

Stochastic Approach to Vehicle Routing Problem: Development and Theories Abstract In this article, a chance constrained (CCP) formulation of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is proposed. The reality is that once we convert some special form of probabilistic constraint into their equivalent deterministic form then a nonlinear constraint generates. Knowing that reliable computer software...

The performance of any finite element (FE) structural analysis is directly related to the global number of nodes and degrees of freedom (DOF) of the discretized structure and mesh distribution attributes. It is obvious that the appropriate numerical analysis needs finer elements in the zone of interest, e.g. zone of high stress concentration and intensity, and coarser elements for farther porti...

Arising from research in the computer science community, constraint programming is a fairly new technique for solving optimization problems. For those familiar with mathematical programming, a number of language barriers make it difficult to understand the concepts of constraint programming. In this short tutorial on constraint programming, we explain how it relates to familiar mathematical pro...

This paper reports on a pilot study that attempts to determine if there are differences between students majoring in Computing and those majoring in Information Systems (IS) enrolled in the same introductory computer programming course. Data is gathered on age, gender, opinion of computer programming, topics of difficulty, difficulty level in computer programming, and how students structure com...

In the period 1986-1991, experiments have been carried out with an introductory course in computer programming, based on functional programming. Due to thorough educational design and evaluation, a successful course has been developed. This has led to a revision of the computer programming education in the rst year of the computer science curriculum at the University of Twente. This article des...

In the period experiments have been carried out with an introductory course in computer programming based on functional programming Due to thorough educational design and evaluation a successful course has been developed This has led to a revision of the computer programming education in the rst year of the computer science curriculum at the University of Twente This article describes the appro...

Computer Vision (CV) is a rapidly growing field, intent on enabling computers to process, analyze, and understand the information of images to produce structured information and/or make decisions. In recent years, interest in computer vision has grown in part as a result of both cheaper and more capable cameras, but also largely because of affordable and increasing levels of computer processing...

This paper presents the design of the Culturally Situated Design Tool (CSDT) known as the Dance Choreography Tool. The Dance Tool was created as a supplementary educational aid for high school students to learn the basics of computer programming by scripting dance moves for a 3D avatar. Even though there are other methods of teaching computer programming, the dance tool will increase motivation...

Leveraging the prevailing interest in computer games among college students, both for entertainment and as a possible career path, is a major reason for the increasing prevalence of computer game design courses in computer science curricula. Because implementing a computer game requires strong programming skills, game design courses are most often restricted to more advanced computer science st...