In the first part, we recall the pure and simple notion of the truth-functional (alias material) conditional proposition, and then how it can occur in combination with other elements, creating more complex kinds of conditional assertion. We discuss the subtle distinction between conditional probability and the probability of a conditional. Finally, we explain the notion of a counterfactual cond...

Abstract The two purposes of the research are (a) to develop an analytical model that views economy/polity as a social system with interactive subsystems actors: households, firms, government, political parties and other significant actors, (b) apply construct verify timeline figures major events in world development shaped evolution western economies, relative strength their interacting subsys...

Psychoanalysts since Sigmund Freud have tried to discuss the role of religion in modern societies. Freud himself saw religion as an illusion which had struck neurotics, while Slavoj Žižek viewed it as some sort of “perversion” which functioned in the cycle of law-transgression. In this essay, I dig into these theories to uncover traces of Lutheran interpretations of Paul’s words on the Jewish l...

The aim of this paper is to present a formal semantics inspired by the notion of Mental Imagery, largely researched in Cognitive Science and Experimental Psychology, that grasps the full significance of the concept of context. The outcomes presented here are considered important for both the Knowledge Representation and Philosophy of Language communities for two reasons. Firstly, the semantics ...