We introduce contingency fees into the Reinganum and Wilde (1986) signaling model of litigation. The effect of contingency fees on settlement depends upon the details of the contingency fee contract and the nature of the informational asymmetry assumed in the model. Introducing bifurcated fee contracts where the contingency percentage is higher at trial changes the selection of disputes at tria...

Exeoutive Summary Modern computation tools, such as the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) and Automatic Contingency Analysis (ACA), reduce significantly the time required to develop reliable and economical transmission plans. The traditional use of multiple power flows for planning large power systems with complex interconnections is very labor intensive and time consuming and limits the number of optio...

Evaluative conditioning (EC) is a change in the valence of a stimulus that results from pairing the stimulus with an affective stimulus. Two high-powered studies (total N = 1,161) investigated the nature of the relationship between EC and contingency awareness measured as contingency memory. Stronger EC occurred among people with more accurate and more confident memory of the pairings. Awarenes...