abstractthe present research was conducted to compare the efficiency of 3 groups of esp instructors: content teachers, language teachers, and professional esp teachers. the main question was aimed to investigate whether there was a significant difference between the 3 mentioned groups of esp teachers and if there was, who was more qualified to teach esp. to find the answer, a questionnaire was ...

We study cooperating distributed grammar systems working in hybrid modes in connection with the finite index restriction in two different ways: firstly, we investigate cooperating distributed grammar systems working in hybrid modes which characterize programmed grammars with the finite index restriction; looking at the number of components of such systems, we obtain surprisingly rich lattice st...

We consider dynamic group formation in repeated n-person prisoner’s dilemma. Agreements in coalitional bargaining are self-binding in that they are supported as subgame perfect equilibria of repeated games. Individuals are allowed to renegotiate the cooperating group agreement through a process of voluntary participation. We prove that a cooperating group forms as an absorbing state of a Markov...

<span lang="EN-US">The experiences of the pre-service teachers in their student teaching (ST) program are crucial as they bridge divergence between dependence to cooperating teacher under wings four-year training and emancipatory leap towards autonomy field actual teaching. This study was designed document pandemic ST for school year 2020-2021. Describing identifying factors contributing ...