Critical thinking is considered important in the field of education due to its possible effects on language learning. Therefore, the reasons behind the success and failure of language learners have provoked researchers to examine different aspects of the language learning process. Moreover, improving learners’ critical thinking ability in the course of learning will enable students to rely on t...

Problem-based Learning (PBL) for English language learners is highly successful in addressing the rapid technological changes and evolving workplace required for the new millennium. This emerging paradigm and the instructional strategies accompanying it encourage authentic language learning and information literacy. This paper focuses on skills that simultaneously strengthen language acquisitio...

The authors present a novel way of oral language training by embedding the English as a foreign language (EFL) learning process into a generic 3D Cooperative Virtual Reality (VR) Game. Due to lack of time, resources and innovation, the language classroom is limited in its possibilities of promoting authentic communication. Therefore, the researchers investigated how to induce a VR setting with ...

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of EFL Taiwanese university students on a collaborative CALL environment. The participants were 112 intermediate proficiency English as a foreign language Taiwanese third-year university students. The dataset used included the pre-and post-questionnaires on participants’ perspectives on the CALL environment. In addition, interview data was collect...

This qualitative study analyzes the reasons of college students for learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in Costa Rica and the reasons of high school students for learning German as a foreign language (GFL) in the US. It asks to what extent the learners’ reasons align with or deviate from neoliberal discourses that commodify foreign languages. The analysis of 27 interviews in a US high ...

so far various methods for optimization presented and one of most popular of them are optimization algorithms based on swarm intelligence and also one of most successful of them is particle swarm optimization (pso). prior some efforts by applying fuzzy logic for improving defects of pso such as trapping in local optimums and early convergence has been done. moreover to overcome the problem of i...

the present study was aimed at examining concerns about the social effects of efl learning, a challenging area of research which has not been discussed sufficiently. it tried to investigate the relationship between efl learning and national identity. in addition, attempt was made to find a relationship between language motivation types and national identity. furthermore, the role of two demogra...