emission trading is one of the famous mechanisms under kyoto protocol to control environmental pollution. the aim of this paper is to design a strategic supply chain network under emission trading scheme with inclusion of stochastic parameters and budget limitation. demand and price of carbon credits are considered as the important stochastic parameters influencing the supply chain network. in ...

selecting a set of features and price for new product is one of the most important and difficult decisions for any firm. for its implementation firms require information by demand of consumers about product features,the cost of providing these features and reaction of existing competitors to new product entry. in this research, with the help of game theory, the various positions of new product ...

Eli M. Snir Introduction Online, industrial, procurement auctions are becoming a standard component in many companies’ purchasing toolbox. Companies seek to enjoy the benefits of the marketplace by implementing competitive bidding strategies among their supply base. Recent surveys of industry practices indicate that up to 52% use some form of online auction (Beall et al, 2003), with an average ...

There have been two broad theories of inflation, namely the demand-pull theory of inflation (that is nowadays mainly the monetary theory of inflation) and the cost-push theory of inflation. The mainstream macroeconomics views inflation as a monetary phenomenon in the long run. Iran has experienced double-digit rates of inflation for about four decades. Our main aim is an explanation for the lon...

This paper empirically tests the effects of Anti-Dumping (AD) protection on the price-cost margin of firms. To this end, we use a rich panel data set of 1,666 EU producers that were involved in AD cases initiated in 1996. Our findings indicate that price-cost margins in most cases significantly increase in the period of protection compared to a period before protection. In industries where comp...

This paper examines how enforcement affects the structure and performance of emissions trading programs with price controls under uncertainty about firms’ abatement costs. The analysis highlights how an enforcement strategy can cause abatement-cost risk to be transmitted to enforcement costs via the price of permits. When this occurs, accommodating the effect of abatement-cost risk with an opti...

0016-2361/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier Ltd. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.031 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +60 16 590 3110; fax E-mail address: [email protected] (H.C. Ong). Increased biodiesel production is being proposed as one solution to the need to ease the impact of increased demand for crude oil and to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Despite this, biodiesel has ye...

We analyze Bertrand’s price competition in a homogenous good market with a fixed cost and an increasing marginal cost (i.e., with variable returns to scale). If the fixed cost is avoidable, we show that the non-subadditivity of the cost function at the output corresponding to the oligopoly break-even price, denoted by D(pL(n)), is sufficient to guarantee that the market supports an equilibrium ...

An appropriate bid price is essential for winning a construction project contract. However, making an accurate cost estimate is both time-consuming and expensive. Thus, a method that does not take much time and can approximate a proper bid price can help a contractor in making bid-price decisions when the available bid-estimation time is insufficient. Such a method can also generate a target co...

This study investigates the energy and cost performance of hybrid renewable ground source heat pump (GSHP) and natural gas fueled fuel cell (FC) microgeneration systems serving multiple residential and small office buildings in Ottawa (Canada) and Incheon (South Korea). The study is performed by simulations in TRNSYS environment. The performance of the microgeneration system is compared to a GS...